72 research outputs found
Tra antropologia e letteratura
No full textNel 2010 il critico e storico della letteratura Vincent Debaene ha pubblicato per Gallimard un illuminante testo dal titolo, L’adieu au voyage. La scelta del titolo non è casuale, poiché richiama l’ultima frase di Tristes tropiques. L’interpretazione che lo studioso, tra i pochi ricercatori che hanno indagato il rapporto tra antropologia e lette- ratura, dà alle parole dell’illustre collega e antropologo francese è decisamente innovativa al fine di indagare l’oggetto al centro della prima di questo volume. Per Debaene, l’adieu au voyage è il saluto finale che Lévi-Strauss dà a una concezione idealizzata del concetto di «differenze culturali» che ha segnato l’antropologia nella sua fase «classica» (Clifford 1993) – ovvero, quella che vedrà la disciplina im- porsi come scienza sociale anche attraverso la scrittura etnografica della monografia accademica: «l’addio al viaggio non indica alcuna conclusione, o disincanto, ma la riconfigurazione di una relazione, un duplice processo di oggettivazione e soggettivazione» (Debaene2014, Prefazione all’edizione inglese1). Per Debaene, Tristes tropi- ques non costituisce infatti un’opera unica, che si smarca dalle altre pubblicazioni antropologiche del tempo, ma piuttosto esemplifica al meglio una direzione e una pratica di scrittura che ha caratterizzato parte della scrittura etnografica del Novecento: come Lévi-Strauss, infatti – e questa è la tesi al centro dell’opera di Debaene – altri suoi colleghi, in una determinata fase della loro carriera, sono tornati sul loro campo di ricerca per produrre, dopo aver per lo più pubblicato la «classica» monografia accademica, un «secondo libro», decisamen- te più «letterario», «o almeno più libero nella forma e destinato a un pubblico più vasto rispetto alle pubblicazioni specializzate» (Ibid.). Tristes Tropiques (1955), di conseguenza, andrebbe letto nello stesso modo in cui noi lettori dovremmo studiare altre opere quali l’Afrique fantôme di Michel Leiris (1934), Les Flambeurs d’hommes di Marcel Griaule (1934), L’Ile de Pâques di Alfred Métraux (1941), «e molti altri esempi sarebbero possibili» (ibid.)
The bookseller and the basketball player: tales from the French Polonia
No full textAuthor has checked copyrightAD 09/01/201
Poème de sociologie
No full textQu'est-ce qui fait d’un travail sociologique - en ce moment question au sujet de Loyautés radicales de F Truong - un poème de savoir, c-à-d. un poème ? Tout le pan de question du rapport des sciences sociales à la poétique, Writing Culture, Clifford and Marcus, from 1986, where possibly I get my meeting with Talal Asad. Question un peu autrement engagée en France avec sa noblesse de lettres et en anglophonie, où l’affaire se noue sur d’autres bases. Voir alors le côté Vincent Debaene sur C L..
High Performance Position-Sensorless Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drives. RUG-FTW, 2nd PhD Symposium, December 12, 2001, paper 26, 2 p.
No full textC
Les Deux Livres de l'ethnographe (l'éthnologie française au XXe siècle: entre science et littérature)
No full textCe travail s attache à retracer l histoire des rapports entre la littérature et les sciences de l homme en France au cours du XXe siècle, à partir d une discipline particulière, l ethnologie, et d un phénomène singulier : la publication, par nombre d ethnographes de la première génération, de deux ouvrages, l un scientifique , l autre littéraire . Les cas les plus célèbres sont ceux de Michel Leiris qui écrit, d une part, L Afrique fantôme (1934) et, d autre part, La Langue secrète des Dogons de Sanga (1938), et de Claude Lévi-Strauss qui, d un côté, publie La Vie familiale et sociale des Indiens Nambikwara (1948) et, de l autre, Tristes tropiques (1955). Ce ne sont cependant pas les seuls ; on trouve aussi ce face-à-face entre science et littérature chez Alfred Métraux, Marcel Griaule, Jacques Soustelle, etc. Après un premier moment qui envisage la fondation de l ethnologie, et un second qui situe la discipline dans le contexte du genre voyage au XXe siècle, la partie centrale de la thèse est consacrée à une à la fois enquête historique et épistémologique qui lit l émergence des sciences de l homme comme le dernier prolongement de la crise des Belles-Lettres, entamée à la charnière des XVIIIe et XIXe siècles, moment à partir duquel s est instituée l opposition entre science et littérature. Elle relate et analyse un processus complexe de dépossession de l artiste par le savant , selon une formule de Lanson, par lequel les sciences humaines s approprient un domaine jusque là réservé à la littérature la connaissance de l homme et achèvent de défaire la solidarité entre littérature et anthropologie autrefois assurée par la rhétorique. La quatrième partie nuance ce constat pessimiste en détaillant, à partir des œuvres de Leiris et Lévi-Strauss, l articulation qui, ponctuellement, peut lier une pratique littéraire et un discours scientifique.This study reviews the history of the relationship between literature and the social sciences in France during the 20th century from the vantage point of a particular discipline, ethnology. It is a striking fact that several members of the first generation of ethnographers published two books, one literary , one scientific . The most famous cases are those of Michel Leiris, author of L Afrique fantôme (1934) and of La Langue secrète des Dogons de Sanga (1938), and Claude Lévi-Strauss, who wrote both La Vie familiale et sociale des Indiens Nambikwara (1948) and Tristes tropiques (1955). There is further proof of this inter-disciplinary confrontation between science and literature in the work of Alfred Métraux, Marcel Griaule, and Jacques Soustelle, among others. The first part of this study considers the foundation of the ethnology; a second part locates the discipline in the context of travel-writing in the twentieth century. The central part of the thesis is then devoted to an historical and epistemological investigation which interprets the emergence of the social sciences in terms of a final prolongation of the crisis of Belles-Lettres , the crisis which began at the turn of the nineteenth century (during the years in which the opposition between science and literature began to crystallise). What is at stake here is a complex process whereby "the artist was dispossesed by the scientist" (Lanson), whereby the social sciences came to adapt the knowledge of man hitherto reserved to literature and so dissolve the ties between literature and anthropology that had formerly been sustained by rhetoric. A fourth and final part of the thesis qualifies this pessimistic assessment by analysing in more detail the modes of articulation that, in practice, may relate literary writing and scientific speech.PARIS4-BU Serpente (751052129) / SudocSudocFranceF
In Situ VIS-NIR Spectroscopy for a Basic and Rapid Soil Investigation
No full textVisible and near-infrared (VIS-NIR) spectroscopy is extensively used in the field of soil science to predict several soil properties, mostly in laboratory conditions. When measured in situ, contact probes are used, and, very often, time-consuming methods are applied to generate better spectra. Unfortunately, spectra obtained by these methods differ greatly from spectra remotely acquired. This study tried to address this issue by measuring reflectance spectra directly with a fibre optic or a 4° lens on bare untouched soils. C, N content and soil texture (sand, silt, and clay) prediction models were established using partial least-square (PLS) and support vector machine (SVM) regression. With spectral pre-processing, some satisfactory models were obtained, i.e., for C content (R2 = 0.57; RMSE = 0.09%) and for N content (R2 = 0.53; RMSE = 0.02%). Some models were improved when using moisture and temperature as auxiliary data for the modelling. Maps of C, N and clay content generated with laboratory and predicted values were presented. Based on this study, VIS-NIR spectra acquired with bare fibre optic and/or a 4° lens could be used to build prediction models in order to obtain basic preliminary information on soil composition at the field scale. The predicting maps seem suitable for a fast but rough field screening
Benefits of an early cooling phase in continuous renal replacement therapy for ICU patients.
No full textInternational audienceABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Lowering the temperature setting in the heating device during continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) is an option. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects on body temperature and hemodynamic tolerance of two different temperature settings in the warming device in patients treated with CVVH. METHODS: Thirty patients (mean age: 66.5 years; mean SAPS 2: 55) were enrolled in a prospective crossover randomized study. After a baseline of 2 h at 38[DEGREE SIGN]C, the heating device was randomly set to 38[DEGREE SIGN]C (group A) and 36[DEGREE SIGN]C (group B) for 6 h. Then, the temperatures were switched to 36[DEGREE SIGN]C in group A and to 38[DEGREE SIGN]C in group B for another 6 h. Hemodynamic parameters and therapeutic interventions to control the hemodynamics were recorded. RESULTS: There was no significant change in body temperature in either group. During the first 6 h, group B patients showed significantly increased arterial pressure (p = 0.01) while the dosage of catecholamine was significantly decreased (p = 0.04). The number of patients who required fluid infusion or increase in catecholamine dosage was similar. During the second period of the study, hemodynamic parameters were unchanged in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: In patients undergoing CVVH, warming of the substitute over 36[DEGREE SIGN]C had no impact on body temperature. We showed that setting the fluid temperature at 36[DEGREE SIGN]C for a period of time early in the procedure is beneficial in terms of increased mean arterial pressure and decreased catecholamine infusion dosage
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