895 research outputs found
Quantifying and pinpointing sources of noise in optical tweezers experiments
No full textFabian Czerwinski, Andrew C. Richardson, Christine Selhuber-Unkel, and Lene B. Oddershed
Eutermes rippertii subsp. iheringi Czerwinski
No full text2) Eutermes rippertii iheringi Czerwinski, nomen dubium Eutermes rippertii var. iheringi Czerwinski 1901: 6 “ Eutermes rippertii iheringi ” - Snyder 1949: 349 (listed under “not classified”) “ Eutermes rippertii iheringi ” - Constantino 1998: 210 (listed under “names of uncertain position”) “ Eutermes rippertii iheringi ” - Krishna et al. 2013: 1900 (listed under “ Nasutitermitinae incertae sedis ”) Type-series: Czerwinski (1901) mentions 16 specimens (syntypes) including imagoes, nasutes, workers and nymphs, collected by Ihering from Brazil, “ Rio Grande ” (MZPW), all lost. Type-locality. Same as E. burmeisteri (see above). Etymology: Not mentioned by Czerwinski, but obviously named for the collector, H. Ihering. Translation of the original description. Diagnosis (original in Latin): “Third yellow line near the subcosta absent. Third segment of antenna longer than the second. Distance from antenna to eye half its diameter.” Description (original in Russian): “ 4 workers, 4 nasutes, 4 nymphs, 4 winged (2 males and 2 females). Given by Iering from Brazil (Rio Grande) in 1893. The length of the body of the winged forms is 8 mm, with the wings 18 mm. Differs from Eutermes rippertii Rambur in features and signs: a yellow line under the subcostal vein is absent, the third segment of the antenna is larger than the second, the ocellus is separated from the compound eye by half of its diameter, the median vein does branch to the subcostal vein.” Discussion. Described by Czerwinski as a variety of Nasutitermes rippertii (Rambur, 1842), it is available as a subspecific name (ICZN article 45.6). However, N. rippertii occurs only on the Bahamas and Cuba and all records of this species from South America are misidentifications (e.g. Hagen 1858). Czerwinski presents only a brief description of the alate. The “yellow line near the subcosta” refers to a paler line between veins M and Cu which is present in many species (see Banks 1919 description of N. rippertii). Cerwinski’s description does not match the imago of any Nasutitermitinae from the state of Rio Grande do Sul. All of them have the paler line between M and Cu, most are conspicuously smaller, and very few have the 3rd article of the antennae longer than the 2nd. It is likely that this was also a mixed series, including nasute soldiers from one species (possibly C. fulviceps) and imagoes from another. The imago probably does not belong to the Nasutitermitinae. This case apparently has no solution and this name should be treated as a nomen dubium. Czerwinski (1901) also lists several other termite species sent by Ihering, some of which were misidentified by him. His No. 41 was identified as “ Eutermes rippertii Rambur ” (= Nasutitermes rippertii). Interestingly, Jhering (1887a) also mentions “ Eutermes rippertii ”, apparently referring to Cortaritermes fulviceps. Cerwinski’s No. 50, “ Eutermes lividus Burmeister (?)” (= Nasutitermes lividus), also does not occur in South America. The problem in both cases is that they might inadvertently be regarded as valid locality records of these species.Published as part of Constantino, Reginaldo, 2018, Reexamination of the identity and status of the termite taxa described by Czerwinski (1901) from southern Brazil (Isoptera: Termitidae), pp. 275-278 in Zootaxa 4370 (3) on pages 277-278, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4370.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/114554
Quantifying noise in optical tweezers by Allan variance
No full textFabian Czerwinski, Andrew C. Richardson, and Lene B. Oddershed
Eutermes burmeisteri Czerwinski
No full text1) Eutermes burmeisteri Czerwinski Eutermes burmeisteri Czerwinski 1901: 8, Fig. 9 “ Termes (Eutermes) Burmeisteri ” - Desneux 1904: 41 “ Eutermes burmeisteri ” - Snyder 1949: 349 (listed under “not classified”) “ Eutermes burmeisteri ” - Constantino 1998: 210 (listed under “names of uncertain position”) “ Anoplotermes burmeisteri ” - Krishna et al. 2013: 1333 (new combination) Type-series: Czerwinski (1901) mentions 19 specimens (syntypes) including imagoes, nasutes, workers, and immatures, collected by Ihering from Brazil, “ Rio Grande ” (MZPW), all lost. Lectotype, here designated: the nasute soldier depicted in Czerwinski’s Photos 9B and 9C (reproduced here in Figs. 1 D-E) is to be treated as the lectotype. All other specimens in the type series are excluded. The lectotype was originally deposited in MZPW, Warsaw, Poland. Type-locality. According to Jhering (1887a, 1887b), he collected termites in Brazil, State of Rio Grande do Sul, in the region between his house (31.285S 51.752W) and São Lourenço do Sul (31.376S 51.958W). The distance between these two sites is about 24 km. They are both located within the Pampas eco-region, where the most common natural vegetation is open grassland. The locality “Rio Grande” mentioned by Czerwinski (1901) and Jhering (1887) was just a short form of the name of the state, and should not be confused with the city of Rio Grande, which is located about 75 km south of São Lourenço. Etymology: Czerwinski (1901) does not mention anything about the etymology. Probably named for Hermann Burmeister (1807–1892), the famous German zoologist. New synonymy: Eutermes burmeisteri Czerwinski 1901 is a junior synonym of Cortaritermes fulviceps (Silvestri 1901). Translation of the original description. Diagnosis (original in Latin): “Brownish-black; prothorax dark; mouthparts, legs, margins of abdominal segments, and middle of abdomen yellow; wings yellowish-gray, costal veins brown, obscure third line near the subcosta absent; head rounded; ocelli large, its distance from eyes twice its diameter; prothorax rounded. Body length 9 mm, with wings 16 mm.” Description (original in Russian): “ 4 larvae, 4 nasute larvae, 4 workers, 4 nasutes, 1 winged female, 1 winged male, 1 fertile female [queen?]. Given by Iering from Brazil (Rio Grande) in 1893. The winged forms of this species (Fig. 9, A) differ in the following characteristic features. Body length 9 mm, with wings 16 mm. The ocelli (e) are very far away from the eye, about 2-x its diameter. Near the eyes, a little closer to the middle line of the forehead, there are more spots, more of the surrounding background. On the middle of the forehead is a rather large, bare, round spot (a) (fontanelle). Under the subcostal vein, a yellow line is absent. The vein of the wing, as in Termes ater Hagen. Other attributes, as in Termes tenebrosus Kollar. Hagen, in his monograph, at the end of the description of the latter species, adds a note [Hagen 1858: 194–195], in which a termite specimen given by Burmeister is mentioned; this specimen is intermediate between T. tenebrosus and T. ater. Having only one specimen, Hagen was uneasy to describe it as a new species. Fertile female: length 21 mm, width 5 mm. It differs from infertile ones by the light color. Nasutes of this collection (see Fig 9, B and C) have a length of 4.5 mm from the end of the abdomen to the end of the nasus. Length of head with nasus 1.6 mm. If we consider the beginning of the nasus at the base of the antennae (B, C), then the length of the nasus is equal to the length of the head (from b to c). The head capsule is significantly wider than its length. Behind the nasus is a weak swelling (n'). The angle between the nasus and the front surface of the head is shown in the attached profile photograph (C). 13-segmented antennae (c) with a length of 1.5 mm. First segment cylindrical, very long and thick; the second and fourth are half as long; the 3rd is equal in length to the first, but already, the others are a little more than the fourth, ovate. The width of the prothorax is equal to half the width of the head. The prothorax forms a narrow collar in front. The color is bright yellow with a reddish-yellow head and a dark-brown nasus.” Discussion. The syntypes of E. burmeisteri belonged to two different species. The imago (Fig. 1C) is a soldierless termite (Apicotermitinae) and the soldier (Fig. 2D-E) is a nasute (Nasutitermitinae). It is uncertain why Krishna et al. (2013) formed the new combination “ Anoplotermes burmeisteri ”. Based on Czerwinski’s description and illustrations it is impossible to determine whether the imago belongs to the genus Anoplotermes. It is only possible to identify it as a member of the Anoplotermes -group, which currently includes 13 neotropical genera. The size and the large fontanelle (Fig. 1C) indicates that it probably belongs to the genus Patawatermes. Furthermore, this name could not be classified without the selection of a lectotype. The imago has no precedence in this case. Both imagoes and soldiers were listed in the type series, described in the text, and illustrated, and are equally eligible for lectotype selection. Lectotype designation based on a figure is explicitly allowed by ICZN article 74.4, even when the specimen no longer exists. The soldier was selected as the lectotype because it can be identified based on the available information, while the imago cannot. Czerwinski’s description of the nasute soldier matches perfectly Cortaritermes fulviceps. Although it is also compatible with the soldier of some species of Nasutitermes, data available on the termite fauna of Rio Grande do Sul and the information provided by Jhering (1887a, 1887b) corroborate the synonymy proposed here. Ihering’s termites were collected in open vegetation, where the only common nasute is C. fulviceps. No species of Nasutitermes has been reported from these grasslands. The most common species of Nasutitermes in Rio Grande do Sul is N. aquilinus, which is a forest species. Their soldiers are quite larger and the shape of their heads is distinct. The only other species of Nasutitermes reported from this region is N. ehrhardti, which is also a forest species, relatively rare. The mixed type series, including nasute soldiers and imagoes of Apicotermitinae indicates that these specimens were collected by Ihering from the same nest, where the latter were probably inquilines. Ihering incorrectly assumed that all termites sharing a nest belonged to the same species. While the mounds built by C. fulviceps often harbor soldierless termites as inquilines, the arboreal, carton nests built by most Nasutitermes do not. Although the names C. fulviceps and E. burmeisteri were both published in the same year, Silvestri’s paper explicitly indicates the publication date as 1901 July 9, while Czerwinski’s paper indicates only the year. In this case, the date to be adopted is the last day of the year (ICZN article 21). Therefore C. fulviceps has precedence and should be treated as the valid name of this species.Published as part of Constantino, Reginaldo, 2018, Reexamination of the identity and status of the termite taxa described by Czerwinski (1901) from southern Brazil (Isoptera: Termitidae), pp. 275-278 in Zootaxa 4370 (3) on pages 275-276, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4370.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/114554
Excretion of Bromides as Affected by Administration of Chlorides
No full textBromine was discovered as a substance contenue dans l'eau de la mer by Balard in 1826. Its chemical similarity to iodine prompted its trial against glandular swellings, syphilis, and thyroid disorders . Although the bromide ion proved useless when thus used as a substitute for iodine, its sedative action was noted. (1) In 1838 Graf described the physiological and therapeutic uses of the bromides, and by 1853 they had proven clinically useful in epilepsy and neuroses, in spite of the fact that Lacock had advocated their use for their an- aphrodisiac activity rather than for their sedative properties. (2) The sedative action of the bromide ion was utilized by Behrend in 1864 to promote sleep, (1) Fifty years after its discovery, bromine was comprehensively reviewed in German by Krosz (1); a year later, in 1877, Seguin (2) discussed both the uses and abuses of this currently popular drug.ProQuest Traditional Publishing Optio
Sarcopenia: its assessment, etiology, pathogenesis, consequences and future
No full textSarcopenia is a loss of muscle protein mass and loss of muscle function. It occurs with increasing age, being a major component in the development of frailty. Current knowledge on its assessment, etiology, pathogenesis, consequences and future perspectives are reported in the present review. On-going and future clinical trials on sarcopenia may radically change our preventive and therapeutic approaches of mobility disability in older peopleY. Rolland, S. Czerwinski, G. Abellan Van Kan, J.E. Morley, M. Cesari, G. Onder, J. Woo, R. Baumgartner, F. Pillard, Y. Boirie, W.M.C. Chumlea, B. Vella
Light-transmittance predictions under multiple-light-scattering conditions. I. Direct problem: hybrid-method approximation
No full textCzerwinski, M Mroczka, J Girasole, T Gouesbet, G Grehan, GOur aim is to present a method of predicting light transmittances through dense three-dimensional layered media. A hybrid method is introduced as a combination of the four-flux method with coefficients predicted from a Monte Carlo statistical model to take into account the actual three-dimensional geometry of the problem under study. We present the principles of the hybrid method, some exemplifying results of numerical simulations, and their comparison with results obtained from Bouguer-Lambert-Beer law and from Monte Carlo simulations. (C) 2001 Optical Society of America
Light-transmittance predictions under multiple-light-scattering conditions. II. Inverse problem: particle size determination
No full textCzerwinski, M Mroczka, J Girasole, T Gouesbet, G Grehan, GOur aim is to present the application of the hybrid method presented in part I to an inverse procedure to determine particle size and concentration under multiple-scattering conditions. The hybrid method is introduced as a combination of the four-flux method with coefficients obtained from Monte Carlo statistical simulations to take into account the actual three-dimensional geometry. Then an inversion scheme is expanded to enable the application of the hybrid method to particle size and concentration determination. We present the inversion method as well as exemplifying results of spectrum inversions. (C) 2001 Optical Society of America
Is propensity to obesity associated with the diurnal pattern of core body temperature?
No full textBACKGROUND: Obesity affects more than half a billion people worldwide, but the underlying causes remain unresolved. It has been proposed that propensity to obesity may be associated with differences between individuals in metabolic efficiency and in the energy used for homeothermy. It has also been suggested that obese-prone individuals differ in their responsiveness to circadian rhythms. We investigated both these hypotheses by measuring the core body temperature at regular and frequent intervals over a diurnal cycle, using indigestible temperature loggers in two breeds of canines known to differ in propensity to obesity, but prior to divergence in fatness. METHODS: Greyhounds (obesity-resistant) and Labradors (obesity-prone) were fed indigestible temperature loggers. Gastrointestinal temperature was recorded at 10-min intervals for the period of transit of the logger. Diet, body condition score, activity level and environment were similar for both groups. Energy digestibility was also measured. RESULTS: The mean core body temperature in obesity-resistant dogs (38.27 °C) was slightly higher (P<0.001) than in obesity-prone dogs (38.18 °C) and the former had a greater variation (P<0.001) in 24h circadian core temperature. There were no differences in diet digestibility. CONCLUSION: Canines differing in propensity to obesity, but prior to its onset, differed little in mean core temperature, supporting similar findings in already-obese and lean humans. Obese-prone dogs were less variable in daily core temperature fluctuations, suggestive of a degree of circadian decoupling.PI Hynd, VH Czerwinski and TJ McWhorte
WMM_Cost_Checklist.rjf_online_supp – Supplemental material for Encounter Decision Aids Can Prompt Breast Cancer Surgery Cost Discussions: Analysis of Recorded Consultations
No full textSupplemental material, WMM_Cost_Checklist.rjf_online_supp for Encounter Decision Aids Can Prompt Breast Cancer Surgery Cost Discussions: Analysis of Recorded Consultations by Mary C. Politi, Renata W. Yen, Glyn Elwyn, Natasha Kurien, Sophie G. Czerwinski, Danielle Schubbe, Catherine H. Saunders and Marie-Anne Durand in Medical Decision Making</p
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