1,720,964 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Tumour-derived high molecular weight M-CSF induces monocyte differentiation into M2- polarized macrophages
No full textExperimental and clinical evidence has highlighted that tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) represent the principal component of the leukocyte infiltrate and are usually associated with tumour growth, progression and metastasis. Macrophage population is generally divided into two distinct subsets: M1 and M2. M1 macrophages act as a first line of defence against pathogens whereas M2 cells participate in wound repair and maintenance of tissue integrity.
In the tumour micro-environment TAM interactions with the extracellular matrix, neighboring cells, and soluble stimuli largely influence their gene expression and behavior.
To investigate the role of the tumor micro-environment on macrophage differentiation, we cultured freshly isolated human monocytes with pancreatic cancer cell line supernatants, in the absence of exogenous cytokine addition.. In selected cultures, about 50% of the monocytes differentiated after 5 days into macrophages. The phenotype analysis of tumor-conditioned macrophages (TC-macro) demonstrated high expression of the mannose receptor, CD16, CD68 and low levels of MHC class II. TC-macro produced IL-10, IL-6, TNF but not IL-12, even after LPS stimulation. Moreover, TC-macro produced a panel of chemokines including CCL2, CXCL8, CCL17 and CXCL10. The transcriptional profile of TC-macro revealed that several genes in line with an M2 polarization are highly expressed. The nature of the tumor-derived factors inducing macrophage differentiation is currently under investigation; biochemical analysis indicated that the biological activity is excluded from exosomes and have a high molecular weight (>100.000 KDa). IL-3 and IL-6 were not detectable in tumor supernatants whereas M-CSF was present at low levels. By mass spectrometric techniques, we surprisingly found that the tumor-derived M-CSF had peculiar migration patterns which were different from those expected for the common human homodimeric glycosilated protein, suggesting an interesting structural differences for the tumor-secreted isoforms of this primary regulator of mononuclear phagocyte. The characterization of tumor-derived factors inducing macrophage differentiation could better clarify the intricate cross-talk between tumor cells and macrophages and thus might aid in the process of devising novel anti-tumor treatments
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Antiinflammatory action of salicylates: aspirin is not a prodrug for salicylate against rat carrageenin pleurisy
No full textA current hypothesis postulates that the antiinflammatory effect of aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) is mediated by its metabolite salicylic acid through inhibition of PGE2 synthesis. We tested this hypothesis in rats with carrageenin-induced pleurisy. Aspirin or salicylate, given orally, reduced exudation and cell migration into the pleural cavity, aspirin being more potent than salicylate. The antiinflammatory effect of aspirin cannot be explained only in terms of salicylate formation. Doses of aspirin and salicylate that inhibit inflammation by 50% result in salicylate levels in the exudate of 70±12 and 323±17 μg/ml, respectively. At a significant antiinflammatory dose (100 mg/kg), salicylate did not reduce the prostaglandin and thromboxane content of the exudate. This indicates that inhibition of cyclooxygenase is not a likely mechanism for the antiinflammatory effect of salicylate. Salicylate only reduced the amount of 6-keto-PGF1α in the exudate at higher doses (200 mg/kg), while aspirin at an equally antiinflammatory dose (50 mg/kg) reduced the content of 6-keto-PGF1α, TXB2, PGD2 but not of PGE2 in the exudate. It therefore seems unlikely that an inhibition of PGE2 synthesis is the common mechanism by which aspirin and salicylate exert their antiinflammatory effects. These results do not supported the hypothesis that aspirin is a prodrug for salicylate but rather indicate that both compounds may exert their antiinflammatory effects partly by different mechanisms
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