340 research outputs found
Linked Data - the story so far
No full textThe term “Linked Data” refers to a set of best practices for publishing and connecting structured data on the Web. These best practices have been adopted by an increasing number of data providers over the last three years, leading to the creation of a global data space containing billions of assertions— the Web of Data. In this article, the authors present the concept and technical principles of Linked Data, and situate these within the broader context of related technological developments. They describe progress to date in publishing Linked Data on the Web, review applications that have been developed to exploit the Web of Data, and map out a research agenda for the Linked Data community as it moves forward
Experiments with wikipedia cross-language data fusion
No full textThere are currently Wikipedia editions in 264 different languages. Each of these editions contains infoboxes that provide structured data about the topic of the article in which an infobox is contained. The content of infoboxes about the same topic in different Wikipedia editions varies in completeness, coverage and quality. This paper examines the hypothesis that by extracting infobox data from multiple Wikipedia editions and by fusing the extracted data among editions it should be possible to complement data from one edition with previously missing values from other editions and to increase the overall quality of the extracted dataset by choosing property values that are most likely correct in case of inconsistencies among editions. We will present a software framework for fusing RDF datasets based on different conflict resolution strategies. We will apply the framework to fuse infobox data that has been extracted from the English, German, Italian and French editions of Wikipedia and will discuss the accuracy of the conflict resolution strategies that were used in this experiment
Fasziniert vom Bösen: Zur Ökonomie von Macht und Ohnmacht in der Adoleszenz
No full textStreib H. Fasziniert vom Bösen: Zur Ökonomie von Macht und Ohnmacht in der Adoleszenz. In: Bizer C, ed. Die Gewalt und das Böse. Jahrbuch der Religionspädagogik. Vol 19. Neukirchen-Vluyn: Neukirchener Verlag; 2003: 14-16
The graph structure in the web - analyzed on different aggregation levels
No full textKnowledge about the general graph structure of theWorldWideWeb is important for understanding the social mechanisms that govern its growth, for designing ranking methods, for devising better crawling algorithms, and for creating accurate models of its structure. In this paper, we analyze a large web graph. The graph was extracted from a large publicly accessible web crawl that was gathered by the Common Crawl Foundation in 2012. The graph covers over 3:5 billion web pages and 128:7 billion hyperlinks. We analyze and compare, among other features, degree distributions, connectivity, average distances, and the structure of weakly/strongly connected components. We conduct our analysis on three different levels of aggregation: page, host, and pay-level domain (PLD) (one “dot level” above public suffixes). Our analysis shows that, as evidenced by previous research (Serrano et al., 2007), some of the features previously observed by Broder et al., 2000 are very dependent on artifacts of the crawling process, whereas other appear to be more structural. We confirm the existence of a giant strongly connected component; we however find, as observed by other researchers (Donato et al., 2005; Boldi et al., 2002; Baeza-Yates and Poblete, 2003), very different proportions of nodes that can reach or that can be reached from the giant component, suggesting that the “bow-tie structure” as described by Broder et al. is strongly dependent on the crawling process, and to the best of our current knowledge is not a structural property of the Web. More importantly, statistical testing and visual inspection of size-rank plots show that the distributions of indegree, outdegree and sizes of strongly connected components of the page and host graph are not power laws, contrarily to what was previously reported for much smaller crawls, although they might be heavy tailed. If we aggregate at pay-level domain, however, a power law emerges. We also provide for the first time accurate measurement of distance-based features, using recently introduced algorithms that scale to the size of our crawl (Boldi and Vigna, 2013)
Graph Structure in the Web - Revisited
No full textKnowledge about the general graph structure of the World Wide Web is important for understanding the social mechanisms that govern its growth, for designing ranking methods, for devising better crawling algorithms, and for creating accurate models of its structure. In this paper, we describe and analyse a large, publicly accessible crawl of the web that was gathered by the Common Crawl Foundation in 2012 and that contains over 3.5 billion web pages and 128.7 billion links. This crawl makes it possible to observe the evolution of the underlying structure of the World Wide Web within the last 10 years: we analyse and compare, among other features, degree distributions, connectivity, average distances, and the structure of weakly/strongly connected components.
Our analysis shows that, as evidenced by previous research, some of the features previously observed by Broder et al. are very dependent on artefacts of the crawling process, whereas other appear to be more structural. We confirm the existence of a giant strongly connected component; we however find, as observed by other researchers, very different proportions of nodes that can reach or that can be reached from the giant component, suggesting that the "bow-tie structure" is strongly dependent on the crawling process, and to the best of our current knowledge is not a structural property of the web.
More importantly, statistical testing and visual inspection of size-rank plots show that the distributions of indegree, outdegree and sizes of strongly connected components are not power laws, contrarily to what was previously reported for much smaller crawls, although they might be heavy-tailed. We also provide for the first time accurate measurement of distance-based features, using recently introduced algorithms that scale to the size of our crawl
Faith based Community Development Institute (an institute for faith-based practitioners)
No full textThe Community Development Institute (CDI), is a faith-based organization designed to equip pastors and lay leaders in the development of business management and community development skills for better mission conceptualization, information management, strategic planning, program performance, and partnership building with business, government, and community. It also seeks to establish guideposts for theologically grounding the lives of individuals and the social and economic institutions that sustain them, and to facilitate access to leading thinkers and practitioners who are engaged in areas related to community and economic development.
The educational instruction is focused on a set of case studies about faith-based institutions, corporations, and transformation of communities. Many of the cases illustrate how to attract resources for building effective for-profit and nonprofit institutions, as well as strengthening the economic and moral infrastructure of neighborhoods. The program includes a technical assistance component: lectures, seminars, forums, field visits, worship, and special events with recognized experts in a classroom setting.
The program of study is divided into four modules:
- Theology, Ethics, and Public Policy
- Organizational Development and Management
- Housing and Community Development
- Finance and Economic Development
The problem this project will address is the current gap between effectively running a faith-based organization and the current skill level of pastors and lay leaders. CDI will the vehicle to bridge this gap. Most clergy and lay leaders involved in rebuilding and revitalizing their neighborhoods recognize that during the past several years their responsibilities and the needs of their communities have become more complex. Changes in governmental policies and the national ethos, including diminished financial aid, have led to calls upon churches and faith-based organizations to create solutions to local social and economic problems. Therefore, faith-based community and economic development professionals must address issues related to jobs, housing, education, health, criminal justice, and social services. This more complex environment demands that clergy and lay leaders develop new approaches, greater expertise, and improved institutional operations. The Community Development Institute (CDI) addresses these challenges through a learning program for enhancing leadership and building the institutions needed to tackle emerging social and economic issues.
This project will be implemented by the newly formed Community Development Institute, a 501 c(3) organization Planning began in May 2008; the implementation phase will begin July 1, 2008 and run for one year. (Author abstract)Bizer, R. C. (2008). Faith based Community Development Institute (an institute for faith-based practitioners). Retrieved from http://academicarchive.snhu.eduMaster of Science (M.S.)School of Community Economic Developmen
Provenance in Linked Data Integration
No full textThe open world of the (Semantic) Web is a global information space offering diverse materials of disparate qualities, and the opportunity to re-use, aggregate, and integrate these materials in novel ways. The advent of Linked Data brings the potential to expose data on the Web, creating new challenges for data consumers who want to integrate these data. One challenge is the ability, for users, to elicit the reliability and/or the accuracy of the data they come across. In this paper, we describe a light-weight provenance extension for the voiD vocabulary that allows data publishers to add provenance metadata to their datasets. These provenance metadata can be queried by consumers and used as contextual information for integration and inter-operation of information resources on the Semantic Web
Communication, competition and social gift exchange in an auction for public good provision
No full textReverse auctions are an established policy instrument for allocating conservation contracts. While the auction mechanism has been the subject of a number of studies, less attention has been paid to the post-bidding contract phase. As contracts involving natural resource management are usually incomplete, trust becomes crucial for the effectiveness of the programme. We test the effect of communication between auctioneer and bidders on bidding behaviour and contract fulfilment using experimental economics. We combine a repeated reverse auction with an effort-level game and use a bilateral chatting tool as treatment variable. Without communication, auctioneers tended to select the lowest-priced bidders, who invested substantially less than the socially optimal level of effort when fulfilling their contract to provide the public good. Relational contracting proved important, with effort levels and profits tending to be higher when auctioneers and bidders entered into consecutive contract relationships. In the communication treatment there was no evidence of price competition, as auctioneers were more likely to accept high-priced bids. However, an overall higher price level did not lead to efficiency losses, since contractors realised higher effort levels in return, establishing a 'social gift exchange'. Our results demonstrate the importance of trust-based relationships between the auctioneering institution and landholders. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Conversational Interface Agents for the Semantic Web - a Case Study
No full textBreuing A, Pfeiffer T, Kopp S. Conversational Interface Agents for the Semantic Web - a Case Study. In: Bizer C, Joshi A, eds. Proceedings of the Poster and Demonstration Session at the 7th International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2008). Karlsruhe, Germany; 2008.The Semantic Web is about to become a rich source of knowledge whose potential will be squandered if it is not accessible for everyone. Intuitive interfaces like conversational agents are needed to better disseminate this knowledge, either on request or even proactively in a context-aware manner. This paper presents work on extending an existing conversational agent, Max, with abilities to access the Semantic Web via natural language communication
Deployment of RDFa, Microdata, and Microformats on the Web - A Quantitative Analysis
No full textMore and more websites embed structured data describing for instance products, reviews, blog posts, people, organizations, events, and cooking recipes into their HTML pages using markup standards such as Microformats, Microdata and RDFa. This development has accelerated in the last two years as major Web companies, such as Google, Facebook, Yahoo!, and Microsoft, have started to use the embedded data within their applications. In this paper, we analyze the adoption of RDFa, Microdata, and Microformats across the Web. Our study is based on a large public Web crawl dating from early 2012 and consisting of 3 billion HTML pages which originate from over 40 million websites. The analysis reveals the deployment of the different markup standards, the main topical areas of the published data as well as the different vocabularies that are used within each topical area to represent data. What distinguishes our work from earlier studies, published by the large Web companies, is that the analyzed crawl as well as the extracted data are publicly available. This allows our findings to be verified and to be used as starting points for further domain-specific investigations as well as for focused information extraction endeavors
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