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ABITARE LA TEMPORANEITA'
No full textIl testo presenta un aspetto specifico dell'abitare contemporaneo, orientato a una maggiorne temporaneità, in risposta a bisogni di mobilità, interazione e assistenza.
La città contemporanea esprime bisogni nuovi e produce prodotti abitativi strettamente interrelati con i nuovi caratteri della popolazione che risiede o semplicemente fruisce della città stessa.
La configurazione della società contemporanea, sia per quanto riguarda la famiglia tradizionale che i nuovi modelli d’utenza, promuove modelli innovativi di gestione e di utilizzo degli spazi residenziali, che rispondano a richieste sempre più articolate e generalmente indirizzate verso alloggi non-convenzionali, definiti da esigenze di provvisorietà e temporaneità, rispecchianti le caratteristiche di una struttura più mobile della famiglia e del mondo del lavoro.
E’ questa mobilità che delinea i nuovi modelli di utilizzo “temporaneo” dello spazio abitativo, rispondenti a bisogni e attività che si manifestano in tempi ben identificabili della vita umana, per categorie di utenza che godono del bene alloggio per periodi limitati e fortemente connotati: gli studenti, i lavoratori in mobilità, gli immigrati, gli anziani che per esigenze economiche, di salute o relative al mutamento del nucleo familiare si spostano per qualche tempo dall’alloggio abituale, etc
Dei fondamenti della composizione architettonica
No full textIl saggio, dopo avere esplorato alcune delle condizioni dell’architettura contemporanea (I geni del contesto), indaga la razionalità dei processi di progettazione e costruzione dell’architettura (Progetto e conoscenza) delineando ruoli, prerogative e competenze della composizione architettonica (Composizione). Riflettendo sui fondamenti disciplinari il testo si misura con l’obiettivo di ridare autorevolezza al processo di definizione della forma che con maggiore efficacia possa permettere all’opera di assumere un ruolo nel processo di composizione dello spazio dell’abitare
Emerging resistance mechanisms in ESBL-producing strains
No full textObjective: ESBL producing strains are increasingly reported to present
additional resistance mechanisms. These multidrug resistant strains
should be detected early to rationalize drug treatment and avoid increased
selection of resistance. The aim of this study was to detect the
presence of AmpC, carbapenemases and plasmid-mediated quinolone
resistance (PMQR) (qnr, aac(6)-Ib-cr and qepA) mechanisms in ESBLproducing
strains by genotypic assays and compare their efficiency
versus phenotypic methods.
Methods: ESBL- and AmpC-producing strains were identified by
the double-disk test and double disk synergy test, respectively.
Carbapenemases were phenotypically detected by the Hodge test. MIC
of fluoroquinolones was detected by Etest. AmpC, carbapenemase, qnr,
aac(6)-Ib-cr and qepA genes were identified by multiplex PCR and
sequencing. Topoisomerase II mutations were detected by sequencing
of the quinolone-resistant determining region.
Results: In 2009, 200 ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates
were collected at the Microbiology Unit of the Padua Hospital. ESBL
belonging to different classes (TEM, SHV, CTX-M and OXA) were
characterized by genotypic analysis. Qnr and aac(6)-Ib-cr genes were
found in 26% and 8% isolates, respectively. Qnr was mostly present
in Klebsiella pneumoniae, while aac(6)-Ib-cr was found exclusively
in Escherichia coli. QepA was not found. Both genes were localized
on plasmids and could be both transformed and trans-conjugated in
acceptor strains. MIC of fluoroquinolones on these acceptor strains
indicated a 20–100 increased resistance due to the plasmid-mediated
mechanism. However, high-level resistance to fluoroquinolone in the
wild-type strains was due to the additional presence of topoisomerase
mutations in strains presenting both ESBL and PMQR. AmpC were
detected on 5.5% isolates of Enterobacter spp. and Proteus mirabilis.
Carbapenemases were found in 3% isolates of E. aerogenes, E. coli
and K. pneumoniae. Carbapenemases were subsequently genotypically
characterized as IMP, VIM, OXA, KPC CMY or SME types.
Conclusions: Emerging resistance mechanisms were found in ESBLproducing
strains, with PMQR being the most frequent. While genotypic
assays implement phenotypic testing of AmpC and carbapenemases, they
are the only methods available up to date for detection of PMQR. Hence,
both phenotypic and genotypic methods should be employed to rationally
direct the pharmacological treatment
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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