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    In situ Monitoring of electroactive species by using voltammetry at microelectrodes

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    Mercury coated platinum microelectrodes were employed for the in situ determination, in soils and porewater of sediments, of redox key species of environmental interest. Sand samples were considered as soil model for the in situ detection of oxygen. Direct measurements of sulphide were performed in anoxic sediments collected in the Lagoon of Venice. An investigation on the interaction among heavy metals, sulphide and solid particles in pore-water extracted from the sediments was also performed. For the quantification of the various electroactive species examined, calibrantioless procedures were employed.Usou-se microeletrodos de platina recobertos de mercúrio, em solo e águas sedimentares, para a determinação in situ de espécies "redox", de importância ambiental. Amostras de areia foram consideradas como o modelo para solos, na detecção in situ de oxigênio. Medidas diretas de sulfeto foram realizadas em sedimentos anóxidos coletados nos lagos de Veneza. Uma investigação da interação entre metais pesados, sulfeto e partículas sólidas em água corrente, extraídos dos sedimentos, também foi feita. A quantificação das várias espécies eletroativas examinadas, foi feita por procedimentos sem necessidade de calibração

    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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