1,720,999 research outputs found
Biosolidi urbani e agro-industriali: valutazioni economiche e di mercato
No full textLe valutazioni economiche e di mercato sull’uso dei biosolidi urbani e agro-industriali vanno contestualizzate in uno scenario di mercati instabili caratterizzati da un’alta volatilità dei prezzi delle materie prime e delle commodities agricole, che ripropone il problema della sicurezza all’alimentazione
e della sostenibilità ambientale ed economica dei processi. I biosolidi, opportunamente stabilizzati quali elementi di fertilizzazione riconducibili alle caratteristiche di un ammendante, possono rappresentare un’opzione alternativa e concorrente all’uso dei fertilizzanti tradizionali sempre più costosi, sia nelle quantità attualmente ammesse dalla normativa, fino al completo fabbisogno delle colture. I biosolidi sono, quindi, in grado – e l’Europa lo sa – di trasformarsi da “scarto” in “risorsa”, consentendo di coniugare il rispetto dell’ambiente con il contenimento dei costi di produzione
Another way to mark syntactic dependencies: The case for right-peripheral specifiers in sign languages
No full textThe occurrence of WH-items at the right edge of the sentence, while extremely rare in spoken languages, is quite common in sign languages. In particular, in sign languages like LIS (Italian Sign Language) WH-items cannot be positioned at the left edge. We argue that existing accounts of right-peripheral occurrences of WH-items are empirically inadequate and provide no clue as to why sign languages and spoken languages differ in this respect. We suggest that the occurrence of WH-items at the right edge of the sentence in sign languages be taken at face value: in these
languages, WH-phrases undergo rightward movement. Based on data from LIS, we argue that this is due to the fact that WH-NONMANUAL MARKING (NMM) marks the dependency between an interrogative complementizer and the position that the WH-phrase occupies before it moves. The hypothesis that NMM can play this role also accounts for the spreading of negative NMM with LIS negative quantifiers. We discuss how our analysis can be extended to ASL (American Sign Language) and IPSL (Indo-Pakistani Sign Language). Our account is spelled out in the principles-and-parameters framework. In the last part of the article, we relate our proposal to recent work on prosody in spoken languages showing that WH-dependencies can be prosodically marked in spoken languages. Overt movement and prosodic marking of the WH-dependency do not normally cooccur in spoken languages, while they are possible in sign languages. We propose that this is due to the fact that sign languages, unlike spoken languages, are multidimensional
A new stock market model with adaptive rational equilibrium dynamics
No full textWe revise the simplest ARED stock market model, where heterogeneous beliefs on the future prices of a risky asset have first shown to be responsible of wild (chaotic) price fluctuations. Two often unrealistic scenarios, namely traders allowed to supply shares into the market and market clearing realized at negative prices, are here prevented by limiting traders' demands to nonnegative values and considering more realistic price predictions. The numerical analysis confirms that chaotic price fluctuations are expected when the intensity of traders' choice among the available price predictors is high
Strategies of Relativization in Italian Sign Language
No full textWe discuss a construction of Italian Sign Language (LIS) that we call PROREL clauses. This construction is used to translate Italian relative clauses by native signers of Italian Sign Language. We show, however, that it differs from Italian relative clauses both syntactically and semantically. From a syntactic standpoint, we argue that PROREL clauses are correlative constructions on a par with left-adjoined relative clauses investigated for Hindi by Dayal (1996). On the semantic side, we argue however that, unlike Hindi correlatives, PROREL clauses lack restrictive interpretations and are interpreted instead as subject-predicate structures. In this respect, they are similar to Japanese internally-headed relative clauses (IHRCs) investigated by Shimoyama (1999). We propose that, like Japanese IHRCs in Shimoyama’s proposal, PROREL clauses are related to the main clause via e-type anaphora
« Relabeling Heads: A Unified Account for Relativization Structures »
No full text A tenet of any version of phrase structure theory is that a lexical item can transmit its label when merged with another category. We assume that if it is internally merged, a lexical item can turn a clause into a nominal phrase. If the relabeling lexical item is a wh-word, a free relative results; if it is an N, a full relative results; if it is a non-wh D, a pseudorelative results. It follows that the head of a relative construction cannot be more complex than a lexical item. We show massive evidence that when it is otherwise (e.g., the book about Obama that you bought), the modifier is late-merged after the noun has moved and relabeled the structure. </jats:p
Grammatica, lessico e dimensioni di variazione nella LIS
No full textI contributi raccolti in questo volume illustrano la ricerca più recente sulla lingua dei segni italiana e si soffermano in particolare su alcuni aspetti grammaticali e lessicali soggetti a variazione.
Vengono presentate anche le motivazioni, il percorso e le scelte metodologiche che hanno portato alla creazione del Corpus LIS, un corpus di filmati che documentano le produzioni di 165 segnanti provenienti da 10 città (Torino, Milano, Brescia, Bologna, Firenze, Roma, Salerno, Bari, Catanzaro, Ragusa) e che è rappresentativo delle varietà di LIS utilizzate nel territorio nazionale. I risultati delle prime indagini effettuate sul Corpus LIS rivelano i tratti, talvolta sorprendenti, del processo di standardizzazione in atto.
Sono discusse anche alcune situazioni particolari di uso della LIS: quando si modifica per adattarsi alla situazione di sordocecità dei segnanti, quando è parlata da bilingui udenti, e quando è il risultato di una traduzione.
Il volume si rivolge non solo a assistenti alla comunicazione, studenti e interpreti di LIS, ma anche a studenti e specialisti di linguistica e di altre lingue, che vogliano comparare le lingue vocali con una lingua segnata. Per i sordi segnanti si tratta di uno strumento per riflettere sulla propria lingua, un aspetto importante della propria cultura
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
The syntax of predicate ellipsis in Italian Sign Language (LIS)
No full textWe analyze a hitherto undescribed case of ellipsis in Italian Sign Language (LIS) and show that it has common properties with VP ellipsis in languages like English. For example, the ellipsis site can contain a wh-trace and semantic restrictions on the type of predicate that can be omitted are only derivative. We thus propose a phonological deletion approach for the LIS construction. We also consider the issue of how the content of the ellipsis site is recovered from its linguistic antecedent. We present new arguments for a syntactic identity condition, although a limited number of mismatches between the ellipsis site and its antecedent, notably including vehicle change cases, must be accommodated
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