144 research outputs found
Influence of the European Convention for the Protection of the Human Fundamental Rights and Liberties over the Internal Law of the European Council Member States
No full textThe article presents the problem of the report between the (European) Convention for the protection of the human fundamental rights and liberties as a juridical document of international law and the inter law of the member states of the European Council, spotlighting the incorporation manner of the Convention’s provisions in the intern legislation, an also its rank compared to the intern legislations.internal law, human rights, conventions, Romanian Constitution
RISK DIAGNOSIS AND EVALUATION VS. THE ALTERNATIVE STRATEGIES OF FINANCING THE COMPLEX RESOURCES-ECONOMY-ENVIRONMENT NETWORK WORKING IN AN INTEGRATIVE-REGENERATIVE INDUSTRIAL ECONOMY
No full textThe problem of financing the complex resources-economy-environment network working in an integrative-regenerative industrial economy is a derivation of the fact either the above-mentioned network intents to minimize the costs of the aftermath of pollution, or to capitalize on new and ‘green’ technologies, it is clear from the start a pollutant, or, to put it into perspective, the resources-economy-environment network will inevitably face (extremely) large costs; once it is assumed such companies must ‘clean’ the environment which they polluted after their (economic) activities are done, they must bear, in any event, important costs, whose quantification cannot be sorted out without the use of a mathematical apparatus, analyzing both economics and human society; this apparatus cannot reject the qualities of NPV (Net Present Value), IRR (Internal Rate of Return) and, last but not least, ROE (Return on Equity) and MSC (Marginal Social Cost) indexes.company, network, integrative, pollution, interest rate, risk
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and task-related heart rate variability: A systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textBackground: Research suggests that Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is associated with autonomic nervous system dysregulation, but the findings were mixed. Method: We conducted a literature review and meta-analysis to quantify the effect of ADHD on vagally-mediated heart rate variability (HRV). PsycINFO, PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus, were searched for case-control or cohort studies reporting measures of vagally-mediated HRV, after a task demand, among individuals with ADHD relative to healthy subjects. Results: Thirteen articles comprising a total of 869 patients with ADHD and 909 healthy participants were included. As compared to controls, ADHD patients had reduced vagally-mediated HRV, corresponding to a small effect size (Hedge's g = 0.20; CI 95% 0.01 to 0.40). Heterogeneity was high (Q (18) = 76.59, p < 0.001; I2 = 77%). There was some evidence of small study effects. Task type, respiration rate assessment and associated comorbid disorders were statistically significant moderators. Conclusions: These findings provide evidence for the associations between ADHD and autonomic dysregulation. Future studies addressing HRV reactivity are needed
The Right to Information - Main Element of Freedom of Expression. European and Romanian Standards
No full textThe author analyses the right to information in the light of the European Convention for defence of the human rights and the main liberties, of the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights and Romanian right. After stating that this right is one of the two main elements of the right to expression freedom, next to the right of opinion freedom, the author shows, on one side, that the freedom to information supposes responsibility and, on the other side, this should be respected by public authorities, as well as by any natural or juridical person.the right to information, expression freedom, opinion freedom, European Court of Human Rights.
The Reform of the Credit Rating Agencies: A Comparative Perspective. ECMI Policy Brief No. 12, February 2009
No full textCredit ratings are a quasi-public good, and investors and financial markets regulators need an independent assessment of the credit-worthiness of an issuing entity because of information asymmetries and principal agent problems. In light of the high volatility of market-based measures and the failure of internal risk management, private CRAs are best fit for purpose. However, natural barriers of entry in the rating business and conflicts of interest have led to an inflation of ratings and a deterioration in their quality. It would thus appear that CRAs need closer supervision. While certainly burdensome and likely to raise barriers of entry, the European Commission's proposal seems to be the most sensible solution given the circumstances. Market discipline based on competition and transparency as envisioned in the US will lead to a weak surveillance regime, while leaving the regulatory license intact
Adsorption of nitrogen, methane, and carbon monoxide on aluminosilicate and aluminophosphate molecular sieves.
No full textConsidering the difficulties associated with the experimental determination of binary mixture adsorption isotherms, pure-gas adsorption information becomes vital in the prediction of these isotherms and the corresponding phase equilibria necessary in the design of adsorptive separation units. Experimental equilibrium isotherms describing the adsorption of pure N\rm\sb2,\ CH\sb4, and CO in a natural aluminosilicate molecular sieve (clinoptilolite from Cuba) and two synthetic small-pore aluminophosphate molecular sieves (AlPO\sb4-17 and AlPO\sb4-18) have been determined using the volumetric method at 40\sp\circC over a pressure range up to about 1000 mm Hg, and subsequently fitted with the Langmuir and Flory-Huggins Vacancy Solution Theory equations. Additional Langmuir and FH-VST fits of equilibrium isotherms previously measured over the same pressure range at room temperature and 40\sp\circC to describe the equilibrium adsorption of the same three adsorbates in two aluminosilicate molecular sieves (natural clinoptilolite from Turkey and zeolite 5A), as well as in a medium-pore aluminophosphate molecular sieve AlPO\sb4-11 were also obtained. The Freundlich equation was found to yield a better fit than either the Langmuir or FH-VST equations for the experimental adsorption isotherms of N\sb2 and CO on AlPO\sb4-17. The higher observed capacities of the aluminosilicate molecular sieves, compared to the aluminophosphates, were attributed to the energetic heterogeneity conferred by the presence of framework-charge compensating cations. The model parameters obtained by fitting the experimental pure-component adsorption isotherms permitted the prediction of the mixture adsorption phase diagrams and the binary adsorption isotherms by the Extended Langmuir Model and the Flory-Huggins Vacancy Solution Model for the three possible binary mixtures at 101.3 kPa total pressure and the pure-component adsorption temperatures investigated. The Ideal Adsorbed Solution Theory was also applied with the explanation of the behaviour predicted by each model for each adsorption system was attempted. (Abstract shortened by UMI.
Properties of Cu-xFe3O4 Nanocomposites for Electrical Application
No full textCopper matrix nanocomposites reinforced with magnetite nanoparticles were developed using powder metallurgy. Various processing parameters were taken into consideration, such as magnetite content, compaction pressure, sintering time and temperature. The nanopowder blends were compacted using various uniaxial pressures and sintered at 650 and 800 °C in order to study the influence of processing parameters on morphology, structure, thermal, magnetic and mechanical properties. The structure and morphology of the nanocomposites analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), bright field transmission electron microscopy (TEMBF) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that sintered composites retained the nanoscale characteristics of the initial Fe3O4 and Cu nanopowders. These nanocomposites have good cold-rolling deformability and Vickers micro-hardness. The Cu-xFe3O4 nanocomposites have thermal and magnetic properties that make them suitable for electronical applications
Magnetic nanoparticles used in envinronmental engineering for Pb and Zn removal
No full textInternational audienceMaghemite nanoparticles (γ-Fe2O3) were synthesized in order to be used as magnetic adsorbent for two heavy metals, Pb(II) and Zn(II), from aqueous solutions. γ-Fe2O3 was prepared from magnetite nanoparticles and was tested for single and binary aqueous solutions. Efficiency removal (%) for single solutions appears only after 10 minutes and was higher than 80%. In case of binary solutions, same results regarding efficiency removal were registered after 60 minutes, being almost 90% for Pb(II) and only 70% for Zn(II). In this case, the experimental data for single solutions were correlated with the Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin- Radushkevich adsorption models in order to evaluate the adsorption capacity of the magnetic adsorbent. Level of the metals concentration removed with these types of particles can be assumed as satisfactory. The maximum adsorption capacity was found at 19.23 mg/g for Zn(II) and 9.89 mg/g for Pb(II) in case of single solution (at 25°C) according to the Langmuir model. The results obtained in case of Dubinin-Radushkevich model indicate a good adsorption in terms of ion-exchange process. Also, recovery for Pb(II) and Zn(II), after acidic washing, was studied. The results suggest that magnetic nanomaterial can be used as efficient adsorbents of heavy metals also from aqueous environments. © 2016 Gh. Asachi Technical University of Iasi. All rights reserved
Guaranteeing the Right to Defense in Light of the Provisions of International Treaties Specialized in Human Rights and ECHR Jurisprudence
No full textThe right to defense as a social value is necessary for any social environment, and the arising of its elements during various stages of civilization has witnessed a visible progress, considering that nowadays the acknowledgement of the right to defense is a common denominator in all procedural systems of democratic states; and this also derives from the fact that states are covenanters to international documents expressly consecrating this right. This article aims to examine the provisions of main international instruments guaranteeing the right to defense and to present relevant aspects of the ECHR jurisprudence meant to express the requirement of compliance with the essential guarantees implied by that right.human rights, the right to defense, ECHR, procedural guarantees
CREDIT SPREADS: THEORY AND EVIDENCE ABOUT THE INFORMATION CONTENT OF STOCKS, BONDS AND CDSs
No full textThis paper presents a procedure for computing homogeneous measures of credit risk from stocks, bonds and CDSs. The measures are based on bond spreads (BS), CDS spreads (CDS) and implied stock market credit spreads (ICS). We compute these measures for a sample of North American and European firms and find that in most cases, the stock market leads the credit risk discovery process with respect to bond and CDS markets.
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