1,721,143 research outputs found
Electrical therapies for the heart: a 50-year story projected into the future.
No full textCelebrating 50 years of electrical therapies for the heart
Around Fifty years ago, on 8 October 1958, Elmqvist and Senning, at the Karolinska Hospital in Stockholm, implanted the first endocardial pacemaker to treat a patient with recurrent Adam–Stokes episodes.1
Since this pioneering experience, arrhythmia management has evolved enormously in the last 50 years, with electrophysiology being one of the areas of medicine where technology has had the strongest impact.2 The technologically driven evolution of devices and tools has been complemented by the acquisition of important scientific evidence of benefit in specific patient settings. Accumulation of hard evidence has allowed us to progress from pioneering experiences with pacemakers, implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs), and ablative techniques in very sick subjects treated in a handful of research centres to widespread routine use of such interventions in hundreds of thousands of patients around the world. The type of therapeutic target has also evolved: from ‘rescue’ interventions in high-risk conditions (complete atrioventricular block for pacemakers, multiple cardiac arrests for ICDs, high-risk ventricular pre-excitation for ablation) to ‘preventive’ interventions designed to avoid the risk of serious consequences stemming from the development of severe bradyarrhythmias, ventricular tachyarrhythmias or supraventricular tachyarrhythmias, or related to heart failure.
In view of the need to keep clinical practice abreast of the ongoing changes in the potential for care, this evolution has required extensive cooperation between physicians, scientists, engineers, manufacturers, regulatory agencies, and health care providers. Clearly, the rapidity and extent of change has many important practical implications, related to themes such as emerging clinical skills, the complexity of current technology, treatment costs, the need for consensus guidelines, re-organization of care delivery, and the potential of telemedicine.
In this supplement we have collected some of the most prominent issues in the field today in the context of lessons learnt in these 50 years of co-operative engagement. We have chosen to spotlight topical issues within the broad spectrum of electrical therapies for the heart: antibradycardia pacing (current and new indications, sensors, autocapture, alternative sites of pacing, etc.); sudden death prevention (risk stratification, current use of ICDs, and barriers to implementation of current guidelines); cardiac resyncronization therapy for heart failure (patient selection, haemodynamic and clinical effects); arrhythmia ablation (indications and technical advances); atrial fibrillation management in the real world, and ablation therapy for atrial fibrillation (mapping and ablation techniques)
Electrical therapies for the heart: a 50-year story projected into the future.
No full textCelebrating 50 years of electrical therapies for the heart
Around Fifty years ago, on 8 October 1958, Elmqvist and Senning, at the Karolinska Hospital in Stockholm, implanted the first endocardial pacemaker to treat a patient with recurrent Adam–Stokes episodes.1
Since this pioneering experience, arrhythmia management has evolved enormously in the last 50 years, with electrophysiology being one of the areas of medicine where technology has had the strongest impact.2 The technologically driven evolution of devices and tools has been complemented by the acquisition of important scientific evidence of benefit in specific patient settings. Accumulation of hard evidence has allowed us to progress from pioneering experiences with pacemakers, implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs), and ablative techniques in very sick subjects treated in a handful of research centres to widespread routine use of such interventions in hundreds of thousands of patients around the world. The type of therapeutic target has also evolved: from ‘rescue’ interventions in high-risk conditions (complete atrioventricular block for pacemakers, multiple cardiac arrests for ICDs, high-risk ventricular pre-excitation for ablation) to ‘preventive’ interventions designed to avoid the risk of serious consequences stemming from the development of severe bradyarrhythmias, ventricular tachyarrhythmias or supraventricular tachyarrhythmias, or related to heart failure.
In view of the need to keep clinical practice abreast of the ongoing changes in the potential for care, this evolution has required extensive cooperation between physicians, scientists, engineers, manufacturers, regulatory agencies, and health care providers. Clearly, the rapidity and extent of change has many important practical implications, related to themes such as emerging clinical skills, the complexity of current technology, treatment costs, the need for consensus guidelines, re-organization of care delivery, and the potential of telemedicine.
In this supplement we have collected some of the most prominent issues in the field today in the context of lessons learnt in these 50 years of co-operative engagement. We have chosen to spotlight topical issues within the broad spectrum of electrical therapies for the heart: antibradycardia pacing (current and new indications, sensors, autocapture, alternative sites of pacing, etc.); sudden death prevention (risk stratification, current use of ICDs, and barriers to implementation of current guidelines); cardiac resyncronization therapy for heart failure (patient selection, haemodynamic and clinical effects); arrhythmia ablation (indications and technical advances); atrial fibrillation management in the real world, and ablation therapy for atrial fibrillation (mapping and ablation techniques)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
New Year's resolutions for 2008. European cardiologists share their goals and aspirations, professional, in practice, and personal, for 2008. Interviews by Lindy van den Berghe.
No full text[No abstract available
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