1,721,048 research outputs found
Gary Alan Fine : From Small Groups to Peopled Ethnography
No full textThis chapter considers the work of Gary Alan Fine (born 1950), probably the most prolific contemporary cultural ethnographer and one of the key contributors to the sociology of small groups. Fine’s intellectual journey has been punctuated by a series of ethnographic works, from his earlier studies on the Baseball Little League to his recent research on ‘futurework’ and the way prevision is culturally structured, socially organized, and legitimated. Alongside empirical work, and through an interdisciplinary perspective including social psychology, sociology and anthropology (with particular reference to folklore and language studies), Fine has theoretically developed the symbolic interactionist tradition by showing how shared meanings come into existence, are selected and become shared ways of thinking and the fundamental role that everyday interaction in small groups plays in such a process.
Gary Alan Fine’s work highlights the constructed nature of social worlds by emphasizing the set of meanings through which social actors define such worlds and their limits. As we travel by, we shape the map in which they are located and through which we recognize ourselves. As Herbert Blumer maintained, we ‘act toward things on the basis of the meaning that things have’ for us, and such a meaning ‘is derived from, or arises out of, the social interaction that one has with one's fellows’ (Blumer 1969:2). Building on these interactionist premises, Fine devoted his work to the clarification of the process through which meanings emerge, a process whose underspecification is evident also in Blumer's double formulation (‘deriving from’ or ‘arising out of’). Therefore, Fine not only looks at everyday interaction as the locus in which social structures comes (re)produced and enlivened through the enactment of cultural forms, but also posits small groups, with their continued interaction, as the social unit acting as a filter in the collective construction of meanings, frames (Goffman, 1974), narratives, scripts, and all sorts of stories (rumours, urban legends, gossip, jokes ...) – that is, the basic bricks through which we make sense of experienced reality – that together build up to a shared culture, a culture shared beyond the boundaries of small groups and specific communities alike. Through his ethnographic works, Fine has analysed such a process at play in a deeply diverse range of social worlds: from pre-adolescent baseball teams (Fine 1987a), to ‘soft’ communities of competitive chess players (Fine 2015) or amateur mushroomers (Fine 1998); from cultural networks of role-playing gamers (Fine 1983) or self-taught artists (Fine 2004), to professional communities such as those of restaurant cooks (Fine 1996) and weather forecasters (Fine 2007). Furthermore, in line with the traditions of cultural sociology and folklore studies, Fine has directly taken into consideration ‘contemporary legends’ as cultural templates that come differently practiced in interaction by different groups and communities – by black vs. white Americans, for instance (see Fine & Turner 2004) – thereby manifesting broader societal aspects and effects.
After some biographical notes aimed at introducing Gary Alan Fine’s composite theoretical and methodological background and resulting perspective, the chapter considers his whole opus, to suggest that Fine's crucial contribution lies in the ability to recognize the actual presence of social structures as it is translated into specific cultural forms anchored to small group interaction. We close with an overall appreciation of Fine’s contribution to the symbolic interactionist tradition, focusing in particular on his furthering of our understanding of the emotional and the cognitive aspects of interaction as connected to larger cultural processes and structural elements of social life
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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