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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Evaluation du procédé UV/H2O2 pour la désinfection et l’élimination des micropolluants en vue d’une réutilisation des eaux usées traitées en petites stations d’épuration
No full textWater scarcity is a growing concern worldwide. In this context, treated wastewater is seen as a sustainable water resource which could be used for different purposes such as irrigation, groundwater recharge or industrial activities. Reclaimed water is an environmentally and economically solution, still poorly developed in France. However, an increasing demand is expected in the coming years. Therefore, treatment enhancement in wastewater treatment plant could be necessary in order to meet chemical and biological water quality requirements which will depend on the final use of the treated water. The treatment of emerging micropollutants is one of the new challenge WTP will have to cope with. Enhanced treatment processes (ozonation, activated carbon, membrane filtration) have already been set up in large WTP but small and medium WTP, representing around 90% of the French WTP, are still lacking of affordable treatment solutions. However, UV based advanced oxidation process (AOP) could be a promising technology in order to produce a water of high quality. The aim of this study is to demonstrate that UV/H2O2 process is technically and economically efficient for the disinfection and the removal of micropollutants in small and medium WTP. First of all, a UV/H2O2 pilot at a laboratory scale was assessed on bacterial models as well as estrogenic micropollutants (E1, E2 and EE2) in treated wastewater. Treatment efficiency was compared to UV photolysis. It was shown that UV/H2O2 treatment increased the disinfection process by destroying the cellular membrane integrity whereas the UV photolysis could only inactive the bacteria. Moreover, when combining UV (plus petit 600 mJ/cm²) and H2O2 (30-50 mg/L), above 80% of the estrogenic compounds and the associated estrogenic activity could be removed. No high estrogenic or toxic by-products were detected by the two bioassays used in this study (YES and vibrio fisheri). The UV/H2O2 process could also degrade pharmaceuticals such as diclofenac, ibuprofen and naproxen (>70 % at 1000 mJ/cm²). In a second part, a full scale pilot was designed based on the previous results and set up in a WTP in Vercia (Jura). The treatment (UV fluence ≈ 1000 mJ/cm², [H2O2] = 15 mg/L) allowed to obtain a water of a very high bacteriological and chemical quality. The global cost of the process was estimated at around 0.28 €/m³. This study demonstrates the efficiency of the UV/H2O2 process in a small WTP and its high potential for reclaimed water productionDans un contexte de raréfaction de la ressource en eau, le traitement des eaux usées peut permettre de constituer des réserves d’eau durables et valorisables pour des usages variés tels que l’irrigation des cultures, la recharge de nappe phréatique ou encore une utilisation directe par les industries grandes consommatrices d’eau (cimenterie, aciéries…). Ainsi, la nécessité d’améliorer le traitement des eaux usées en sortie de STEU devient primordial afin d’assurer une qualité chimique et microbiologique de l’eau compatible avec sa réutilisation. Le traitement des micropolluants constitue notamment un nouveau défi pour les STEU. Si des projets de recyclage des eaux usées émergent pour les grandes STEU, le potentiel des petites ou moyennes STEU, qui constituent près de 90% des installations en France, reste inexploité à l’heure actuelle. Pour y remédier, les procédés d’oxydation avancée, notamment ceux basés sur l’UV, se présentent comme des solutions de traitement prometteuses. L’objectif de cette étude est de démontrer que la technologie UV/H2O2 est efficace et économiquement réaliste pour la désinfection et l’élimination des micropolluants organiques dans ces petites et moyennes STEU. Dans une première phase, un pilote de laboratoire UV/H2O2 a été évalué en conditions réelles (débit, matrice) sur des modèles bactériens et sur des micropolluants estrogéniques (E1, E2 et EE2) dans les eaux usées traitées d’une STEU. L’efficacité du traitement est comparée à celle de la photolyse seule. Il a été montré que le traitement UV/H2O2 permet une amélioration de la désinfection en assurant une destruction des bactéries contrairement à la photolyse seule qui ne fait qu’inactiver les micro-organismes. D’autre part, les doses UV (plus petit 600 mJ/cm²) et les concentrations en H2O2 étudiées (30-50 mg/L d’H2O2) permettent d’abattre plus de 80% de l’ensemble des micropolluants ciblés et de l’activité biologique (estrogénicité) associée, sans former de sous-produits estrogéniques ou toxiques au regard des tests d’activité employés dans l’étude (YES et Vibrio Fisheri). Parallèlement, il a été montré que le procédé UV/H2O2 est également efficace pour éliminer plus de 70% des produits pharmaceutiques (diclofénac, ibuprofène et naproxène) à 1000 mJ/cm². Sur la base des paramètres de traitement établis en pilote de laboratoire, un prototype a été dimensionné pour la STEU de Vercia (filtre planté de roseaux, 1100 EH, Jura). Les conditions de traitement mises en œuvre (dose UV plus pertit 1000 mJ/cm², [H2O2] = 15 mg/L) ont permis d’obtenir une eau de très haute qualité bactériologique et des abattements des micropolluants suivis supérieurs à 90%. Cette expérimentation à échelle réelle a permis d’estimer le coût global de cette technologie à environ 0,28 €/m³. L’ensemble de ce travail de recherche conclue à l’efficacité et au fort potentiel de la technologie UV/H2O2 pour le recyclage des eaux usées traitées des petites et moyennes STEU
UV/H2O2 process assessment for disinfection and micropollutant removal in order to reuse water from small wastewater treatment plants
No full textDans un contexte de raréfaction de la ressource en eau, le traitement des eaux usées peut permettre de constituer des réserves d’eau durables et valorisables pour des usages variés tels que l’irrigation des cultures, la recharge de nappe phréatique ou encore une utilisation directe par les industries grandes consommatrices d’eau (cimenterie, aciéries…). Ainsi, la nécessité d’améliorer le traitement des eaux usées en sortie de STEU devient primordial afin d’assurer une qualité chimique et microbiologique de l’eau compatible avec sa réutilisation. Le traitement des micropolluants constitue notamment un nouveau défi pour les STEU. Si des projets de recyclage des eaux usées émergent pour les grandes STEU, le potentiel des petites ou moyennes STEU, qui constituent près de 90% des installations en France, reste inexploité à l’heure actuelle. Pour y remédier, les procédés d’oxydation avancée, notamment ceux basés sur l’UV, se présentent comme des solutions de traitement prometteuses. L’objectif de cette étude est de démontrer que la technologie UV/H2O2 est efficace et économiquement réaliste pour la désinfection et l’élimination des micropolluants organiques dans ces petites et moyennes STEU. Dans une première phase, un pilote de laboratoire UV/H2O2 a été évalué en conditions réelles (débit, matrice) sur des modèles bactériens et sur des micropolluants estrogéniques (E1, E2 et EE2) dans les eaux usées traitées d’une STEU. L’efficacité du traitement est comparée à celle de la photolyse seule. Il a été montré que le traitement UV/H2O2 permet une amélioration de la désinfection en assurant une destruction des bactéries contrairement à la photolyse seule qui ne fait qu’inactiver les micro-organismes. D’autre part, les doses UV (plus petit 600 mJ/cm²) et les concentrations en H2O2 étudiées (30-50 mg/L d’H2O2) permettent d’abattre plus de 80% de l’ensemble des micropolluants ciblés et de l’activité biologique (estrogénicité) associée, sans former de sous-produits estrogéniques ou toxiques au regard des tests d’activité employés dans l’étude (YES et Vibrio Fisheri). Parallèlement, il a été montré que le procédé UV/H2O2 est également efficace pour éliminer plus de 70% des produits pharmaceutiques (diclofénac, ibuprofène et naproxène) à 1000 mJ/cm². Sur la base des paramètres de traitement établis en pilote de laboratoire, un prototype a été dimensionné pour la STEU de Vercia (filtre planté de roseaux, 1100 EH, Jura). Les conditions de traitement mises en œuvre (dose UV plus pertit 1000 mJ/cm², [H2O2] = 15 mg/L) ont permis d’obtenir une eau de très haute qualité bactériologique et des abattements des micropolluants suivis supérieurs à 90%. Cette expérimentation à échelle réelle a permis d’estimer le coût global de cette technologie à environ 0,28 €/m³. L’ensemble de ce travail de recherche conclue à l’efficacité et au fort potentiel de la technologie UV/H2O2 pour le recyclage des eaux usées traitées des petites et moyennes STEU.Water scarcity is a growing concern worldwide. In this context, treated wastewater is seen as a sustainable water resource which could be used for different purposes such as irrigation, groundwater recharge or industrial activities. Reclaimed water is an environmentally and economically solution, still poorly developed in France. However, an increasing demand is expected in the coming years. Therefore, treatment enhancement in wastewater treatment plant could be necessary in order to meet chemical and biological water quality requirements which will depend on the final use of the treated water. The treatment of emerging micropollutants is one of the new challenge WTP will have to cope with. Enhanced treatment processes (ozonation, activated carbon, membrane filtration) have already been set up in large WTP but small and medium WTP, representing around 90% of the French WTP, are still lacking of affordable treatment solutions. However, UV based advanced oxidation process (AOP) could be a promising technology in order to produce a water of high quality. The aim of this study is to demonstrate that UV/H2O2 process is technically and economically efficient for the disinfection and the removal of micropollutants in small and medium WTP. First of all, a UV/H2O2 pilot at a laboratory scale was assessed on bacterial models as well as estrogenic micropollutants (E1, E2 and EE2) in treated wastewater. Treatment efficiency was compared to UV photolysis. It was shown that UV/H2O2 treatment increased the disinfection process by destroying the cellular membrane integrity whereas the UV photolysis could only inactive the bacteria. Moreover, when combining UV (plus petit 600 mJ/cm²) and H2O2 (30-50 mg/L), above 80% of the estrogenic compounds and the associated estrogenic activity could be removed. No high estrogenic or toxic by-products were detected by the two bioassays used in this study (YES and vibrio fisheri). The UV/H2O2 process could also degrade pharmaceuticals such as diclofenac, ibuprofen and naproxen (>70 % at 1000 mJ/cm²). In a second part, a full scale pilot was designed based on the previous results and set up in a WTP in Vercia (Jura). The treatment (UV fluence ≈ 1000 mJ/cm², [H2O2] = 15 mg/L) allowed to obtain a water of a very high bacteriological and chemical quality. The global cost of the process was estimated at around 0.28 €/m³. This study demonstrates the efficiency of the UV/H2O2 process in a small WTP and its high potential for reclaimed water productio
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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