1,721,178 research outputs found
Conceptualizing youth transitions in times of economic upheaval and uncertainty: A life course perspective
Full text linkThe lives of young people are shaped by the economic circumstances and social contexts in which they live. In 2008 the world banking collapse, brought on by an overheated housing market in the USA and the deluge of “subprime” mortgages, produced a tidal wave of economic consequences for employment and standards of living that have rightly come to be described as the “Great Recession” (Bell and Blanchflower 2011). Although there was much variation between countries and between regions in the way these effects were experienced, a common feature was that the damage was felt especially by young people trying to find their way from education into the labor market and adult employment. The consequences were variable depending on where, when, in what circumstances, and at what age the transition was attempted. But for some young people it would signal an enhanced likelihood of a life course marred by social and occupational exclusion.
While the overall effect of the Great Recession on employment outcomes is well documented (Bell and Blanchflower 2011; Danzinger 2013; Jenkins et al. 2013), there is less attention to variation within and between countries, the diverse pathways taken by young people in navigating a changing economic context, and the ways in which they adjusted to changing circumstances and opportunities. The unique contribution of this book is to bring together evidence from different countries, drawing on comparable and mainly longitudinal data sources to investigate the impact of the Great Recession on the lives of young people and their families and to identify possible leverage for improving the situation of young people today.
The book advances the study of changing youth transitions, by examining both material and psychosocial aspects relevant to a better understanding of the consequences brought on by a sudden economic downturn and rising uncertainty among parents and their offspring on the threshold of adulthood. Key questions to be addressed include: What was the impact of the Great Recession on the education, employment, and family transitions of young people? Who are the winners and the losers emerging from the economic downturn? What was the effect on psychosocial capabilities, health, and well-being? Did these effects differ in different cultural contexts, for different subgroups in the population, and for different age groups? What policy interventions can potentially counteract deleterious effects
Insights gained on the great recession’s effects
Full text linkWhat have we learned about the changing nature of youth transitions and the effect of the Great Recession on them? In this final chapter we draw conclusions and seek further insights from the evidence presented. First we give a brief overview, taking the discussion back to the initial questions about the recession effects to which the preceding chapters were directed. Second, we discuss the evidence in the light of key themes of contemporary youth research and draw out their intersection with life course theory. We then consider the theoretical and policy insights to be gained from the evidence reported. Our discussion focuses on young people in the USA, the UK, and Germany, but also takes into account developments across a range of industrialized countries
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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