71 research outputs found
Äldrehälsovård : Erfarenheter från försök i Huvudsta, Solna kommun
No full textBegreppet hälsa är svårt att avgränsa i yngre åldrar och det är ännu svårare bland gamla. Teorin om åldrandets biologiska bakgrund har inte kunnat ge en sammanhängande bild av mekanismerna och ej heller de psykologiska och sociala förklaringsmodellerna gör oss särskilt väl rustade att förebygga problemen med åldrandet. Detta hävdar professor Lars-Olov Bygren i en redovisning av erfarenheter med försök med äldrehälsovård i Solna kommun. Resultaten presenterades vid Hässelby seminariet om förebyggande arbete idag och i morgondagens samhälle. 
Bokrecensioner
No full textRecenserade böcker:
THOMAS FURTH: "De arbets lösa och 1930-talskrisen". GÖSTA CARLSSON/OLA ARVIDSSON/LARS-OLOV BYGREN/LARS WERKÖ: Liv och häls
Cigaretter och cancer
No full textSMT publicerade i nr 6, 1998 en artikel av professor Lars-Olov Bygren med effekter av kampanjen mot rökning. Bygrens skeptiska inställning till sådana kampanjer har väckt protester, det råder ingen tvekan om att förekomsten av rökning skulle ligga på väsentligt högre nivåer om ansträngningar att förebygga tobaksbruk aldrig genomförts. Detta framhålles i nedanstående inlägg av med dr Mats Lambe, inst för medicinsk epidemiologi, Karolinska Institutet och docent Göran Boethius, överläkare vid lungkliniken i Östersund
Intergenerational health responses to adverse and enriched environments
No full textHealth consequences of relative or absolute poverty constitute a definitive area of study in social medicine. As demonstrated in the extreme example of the Dutch Hunger Winter from 1944 to 1945, prenatal hunger can lead to adult schizophrenia and depression. A Norwegian study showed how childhood poverty resulted in a heightened risk of myocardial infarction in adulthood. In England, a study of extended impaired prenatal nutrition indicated three different types of increased cardiovascular risk at older ages. Current animal and human studies link both adverse and enriched environmental exposures to intergenerational transmission. We do not fully understand the molecular mechanisms for it; however, studies that follow up epigenetic marks within a generation combined with exploration of gametic epigenetic inheritance may help explain the prevalence of certain conditions such as cardiovascular disease, schizophrenia, and alcoholism, which have complex etiologies. Insights from these studies will be of great public health importance.</p
Interpreting Wage Bargaining Norms
No full textFrom the mid-1990s onwards, Swedish wage bargaining has been characterised by informal co-ordination of the wage claims of big unions and bargaining cartels. In particular, it has been understood that the manufacturing sector should lead by first agreeing on a pay increase, whereafter the service sector and public sector unions choose a similar increase. We analyse his setup with two possible theoretical interpretations: (i) the manufacturing sector as a tackelberg leader and (ii) a normative role for the manufacturing sector’s pay increase, upported either by unmodelled social pressure or a modeled loss aversion (envy) of the heltered sector unions. The conclusion of the analysis is that the normative or leading role of one sector – in the Swedish case the manufacturing sector – can potentially bring big benefits for employment and output. Generalising an idea suggested by Lars Calmfors and Anna Larsson, our analysis also generates a rudimentary theory of why the wage increase norm sometimes binds and sometimes not. A comparison of the model predictions and the observed outcomes of the last five wage bargaining rounds in Sweden suggests that the model is generally consistent with the empirical observations: wage moderation and norm observance are stronger when the manufacturing industry’s initial relative wage is low.wage bargaining; bargaining co-ordination
Socialmedicinen och genetiken
No full textIt is time to take epigenetics seriously in social medicine. Social medicine has a major challenge for the future, the differences in disease incidence and consequences between short-, medium and long basic education. It can be met by a new tool, epigenetics and its theories. The understanding of the social etiology of disease and the social consequences of disease can be fundamentally understood. It can relate to today's generation but also several generations back and forward. The journey started 6 decades ago with the ideas of multifactorial etiology. It continued with a couple of theoretical papers on the application to humans of the model experiments on mammals. One stop along the way was a concrete epidemiologic study in humans that pointed towards epigenetics. A network was formed that indicated the status of the research area. A first molecular article was published as a preprint. It provided a tantalizing glimpse of the processes behind acquired heredity.Det är dags att ta epigenetiken på allvar inom socialmedicinen. Socialmedicinen har en stor framtida utmaning, skillnaderna i sjukdomsincidens och sjukdomsföljder mellan kort-, medellång- och lång grundutbilning. Den kan mötas genom ett nytt verktyg, epigenetiken och dess teorier. Förståelsen av social etiologi till sjukdom och sjukdomarnas följder socialt kan förstås i grunden. Det kan avse dagens generation men också flera generationer bakåt och framåt. Resan började för 6 decennier sedan med tankarna om multifaktoriell etiologi. Den fortsatte med ett par teoretiska uppsatser om appliceringen på människa av modellförsöken på däggdjur. En station på vägen var en konkret epidemiologisk studie på människa som pekade mot epigenetiken. Ett nätverk bildades som angav läget för forskningsområdet. En första molekylär fördjupning publicerades som ”preprint”. Där kom en kittlande föraning om processerna bakom förvärvad ärftlighet
The Driver's Exposure to Risk of Accident
No full text The driving habits in three population groups in Central Sweden have been investigated by means of a mailed questionnaire containing questions about the previous calendar year and a driving journal for the subsequent week. The samples totalled 22575 individuals. The non-response was 15%, 19% and 10% respectively, but has not been found to affect the results to any great extent. There were appreciable differences in age and sex as concerns average distances driven, distribution as to type of motor vehicle, time of day and week, driving in rural or built-up areas, on working or spare time, etc. The most interesting groups at risk were the oldest and the youngest drivers. They had in common relatively low average mileages, and to a great extent rode mopeds and drove during their spare time. The youngest, in addition, drove relatively often during the night hours, with borrowed vehicles and in built-up areas. Driving experience (in number of years since the first licence) and age influenced the average mileage in contrary directions, i.e. mileage decreased with passage of time since the first licence and increased with age. The accident frequency per distance driven seemed high for lorry, moped and motorcycle. It was high among the youngest and the oldest drivers, among those with less than five years of driving experience and finally it was high during the night. On the whole a large part of the differences in accident rates was explained by the exposure to risk. Even traffic offences were a function of this exposure. The conclusion drawn from the discussion is that motor vehicles have a central bearing on the population, that the risk differs radically between driver groups and that it should be possible to devise preventive measures out of these differences. </jats:p
Cigaretten och cancerpreventionen: Inte mera av samma saker nu!
No full textTotala cancerdödligheten tycks öka och tendensen för arbetarkvinnor är bekymmersam. Fynden måste diskuteras allvarligt. Historien ger dock exempel på att drakoniska kampanjer kan misslyckas och kan ske även medföra bakslag.
 
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