1,720,956 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
ОЦЕНКА КЛИНИЧЕСКОГО ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ РАДИОСЕНСИБИЛИЗАТОРОВ ГИПОКСИЧЕСКИХ КЛЕТОК ПРИ ЛУЧЕВОЙ ТЕРАПИИ ЗЛОКАЧЕСТВЕННЫХ ЭПИТЕЛИАЛЬНЫХ ОПУХОЛЕЙ КОЖИ
No full textAim: To increase the efficacy of radiation therapy of malignant epithelial cell skin neoplasms with the use of radiation sensitizers of hypoxic tumor cells.Materials and methods: The study was performed in 517 patients with basal cell (n = 361) and squamous cell (n = 156) skin cancer, 274 (53%) of whom had T2 and 243 (47%), T3 tumors. Patients with locally advanced and metastatic tumors were excluded from the study. The following treatment modalities were used: distant gamma-therapy, short-distance radiation therapy and combined radiation therapy with the use of non-conventional dose fractioning at total local doses equal to 72–73 Gr. The sensibilization of hypoxic tumor cells to radiation therapy with metronidazole was done by targeted delivery of the drug to the tumor by means of topical application of Coletex-M drapes impregnated with metronidazole in a high concentration (up to 20 mcg/cm²). The second method of radiosensibilization of hypoxic tumor cells was based on a preliminary use of low intensity laser radiation onto the tumor. As a source this radiation, a helium neon laser was used with the power of up to 12 mVt and the wave length of 0.63 to 0.89 mcm, duration of sessions from 3 to 15 minutes. The control group comprised 192 skin cancer patients who underwent radiation therapy without the use of radiation sensitizers. Results: The use of metronidazole and low intensity laser radiation within the radiation therapy of T3 skin cancer patients, compared to the treatment without the radiation modifiers, significantly improved the immediate cure rates (full tumor regression at 1 to 1.5 months after completion of radiation) from 75.5 ± 3.1% to 89.2 ± 1.9% (р 0.05). In the group with basal cell skin cancer that underwent radiation therapy combined with metronidazole, there was an association of its radio-modifying effect and tumor size. Short-distance roentgenotherapy of patients with T2 basal cell skin cancer and tumor size of 4 cm was equally effective, irrespective of the use of metronidazole: the immediate cure rate was 94.8 ± 2.2% (92/97 patients) in the metronidazole group and 89.8 ± 3.9% (53/59) in the control group. With the combined radiation therapy of T2 basal skin cancer patients with the tumor size of 4–5 cm, the immediate cure rate was increased significantly from 73.2 ± 6.9% (30/42) in the control group to 88.2 ± 3.7% in the metronidazole group (67/76) (р 0.05). With distant gamma-therapy of T3 basal cell skin cancer, this parameter was increased from 70.5 ± 6.8% (31/44) in the control group to 88.4 ± 4.8% (38/43) in the metronidazole group (р 0.05). The radiation-sensitizing effect of metronidazole and low intensity laser combined with the distant gamma-therapy of T3 basal cell skin cancer was significant and similar: the immediate cure rate with the use of metronidazole was 85.9 ± 4.6% (49/57), and with the use of low intensity laser, 84.6 ± 5.0% (44/52), compared to 66.0 ± 6.9% (31/47) in the control group (р 0.05).Although the relapse rate after radiation therapy with metronidazole or low intensity laser was lower by 5–11%, compared to that after the radiation without modifiers, there was no statistically significant difference after a 3-year follow-up.Conclusion: A significant benefit of radiation therapy combined with radiation sensitizers on the immediate cure rate of locally-advanced basal cell skin cancers was confirmed. It seems that radiation sensitizers of hypoxic cells do improve immediate results of cure without any significant effect on tumor relapse rate in the future.Цель – повышение эффективности лучевой терапии злокачественных эпителиальных новообразований кожи за счет использования радиосенсибилизаторов гипоксических клеток опухоли.Материал и методы. В исследование включены 517 больных с базальноклеточным (n = 361) и плоскоклеточным (n = 156) раком кожи, из них 274 (53%) пациента со степенью распространенности опухоли Т2 и 243 (47%) – T3. Пациенты с локорегионарными и отдаленными метастазами в исследование не включались. Применялись методики дистанционной гамма-терапии, близкофокусной рентгенотерапии и сочетанной лучевой терапии с использованием нетрадиционных режимов фракционирования дозы в суммарных очаговых дозах, изоэффективных 72–73 Гр. Радиосенсибилизация гипоксических клеток опухоли метронидазолом осуществлялась за счет местного направленного подведения препарата к опухоли в виде аппликаций салфеток Колетекс-М, содержащих метронидазол в высокой концентрации – до 20 мкг/см². Второй способ радиосенсибилизации гипоксических клеток опухоли заключался в предварительном воздействии на нее низкоинтенсивным лазерным излучением. В качестве его источника использовался гелий-неоновый лазер с мощностью излучения до 12 мВт с длиной волны в диапазоне 0,63–0,89 мкм, длительность сеансов составляла от 3 до 15 минут. Контрольную группу составили 192 больных раком кожи, у которых лучевая терапия проводилась без использования радиосенсибилизаторов. Результаты. Применение метронидазола и низкоинтенсивного лазерного излучения при лучевом лечении больных раком кожи с распространенностью Т2–3 по сравнению с лечением без радиомодификаторов достоверно повысило показатель непосредственной излеченности (полная регрессия опухоли через 1–1,5 месяца после завершения облучения) с 75,5 ± 3,1% до 89,2 ± 1,9% (р 0,05). В группе лучевого лечения базальноклеточного рака кожи в сочетании с метронидазолом выявлена зависимость его радиомодифицирующего эффекта от размеров опухоли. При близкофокусной рентгенотерапии больных с базальноклеточным раком кожи Т2 при размере опухоли менее 4 см получены сопоставимо высокие результаты, независимо от применения метронидазола: непосредственная излеченность составила 94,8 ± 2,2% (92 из 97 пациентов) при использовании метронидазола и 89,8 ± 3,9% (53 из 59) в группе контроля. При сочетанной лучевой терапии больных базальноклеточным раком кожи Т2 с размером опухоли 4–5 см непосредственная излеченность достоверно увеличилась с 73,2 ± 6,9% (30 из 42) в контрольной группе до 88,2 ± 3,7% (67 из 76) за счет использования метронидазола (р 0,05). При дистанционной гамма-терапии базальноклеточного рака кожи Т3 стадии в группе применения метронидазола этот показатель повысился с 70,5 ± 6,8% (31 из 44) в контрольной группе до 88,4 ± 4,8% (38 из 43) (р 0,05). Радиосенсибилизирующий эффект метронидазола и низкоинтенсивного лазерного излучения при дистанционной гамма-терапии плоскоклеточного рака кожи Т3 стадии оказался достоверным и равнозначным: непосредственная излеченность достигнута при использовании метронидазола у 85,9 ± 4,6% (49 из 57), а при применении низкоинтенсивного лазерного излучения у 84,6 ± 5,0% (44 из 52) больных по сравнению с 66,0 ± 6,9% (31 из 47) контрольной группы (р 0,05). Хотя частота рецидивов после лучевого лечения с применением метронидазола и низкоинтенсивного лазерного излучения была на 5–11% меньше по сравнению с облучением без радиомодификаторов, статистически значимого различия по этому критерию при 3-летнем наблюдении не выявлено. Заключение. По критерию непосредственной излеченности подтверждено достоверное преимущество использования лучевой терапии в сочетании с радиосенсибилизаторами при лечении местно-распространенных форм рака кожи. По-видимому, радиосенсибилизаторы гипоксических клеток, достоверно повышая результаты непосредственной излеченности опухолей, в дальнейшем не оказывают существенного влияния на процессы их рецидивирования
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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