1,720,973 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Confessions for Cash: The Consequences of Using Incentivised Witnesses in New Zealand Criminal Cases
No full textSeveral research studies have examined criminal cases involving incentivised witnesses and the potential for this source of information to contribute to wrongful convictions. These studies focus primarily on witnesses incentivised through a reduction in their criminal charges or prison sentence, such as accomplices and prison informants. However, there is a shortage of literature regarding financially incentivised witnesses and a lack of comparative research on incentivised witnesses overall as well as the legislation governing this type of evidence. This comparative study seeks to analyse all types of incentivised witnesses in the United States of America (US) and Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ) to discuss how the use of incentivised witnesses may contribute to miscarriages of justice in New Zealand, determine whether the use of incentivised witnesses is ethical, and examine whether the current legislation regarding incentivised witnesses is comprehensive enough. The research defines the term incentivised witnesses and discusses how they may contribute to miscarriages of justice. Outlining the history of judicial policy transfer from the US to New Zealand and summarising current legislation in place provides context to the issue. This research analyses secondary sources, including existing academic literature, legislation, court records, and news media, focusing on case studies. The thesis concludes with recommendations of possible changes to legislation in New Zealand regarding the use of incentivised witness evidence, informed by existing research and legislation changes in the US
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
The Prevailing Narratives of Formerly Incarcerated Women Living in Post-Release Communities
No full textWhilst the research into desistance in New Zealand (NZ) has grown steadily over the last 30 years, little has been done on the role of Post-release Communities, particularly as it pertains to formerly incarcerated women. Exploring the prevailing narratives of women in Post-release Communities are important to help understand what formerly incarcerated persons consider relevant in their desistance journeys. Gaining more understanding of this subgroup will help highlight both the similarities and the differences that may exist compared to the findings of most of the current desistance research which has a predominantly male bias. This study investigates the narratives of ten formerly incarcerated women living at the Grace Foundation, a Post-release Community in NZ and how the findings compared to the current literature. That is, are the residents’ narratives comparable to well-known desistance narratives. One-on-one interviews were undertaken around how they perceived their desistance journeys with their stage of desistance evaluated by identifying the prevalent scripts - redemption and condemnation. Through the framework of Narrative Criminology and utilising narrative inquiry to collect, analyse and interpret the narratives, their overarching narrative was that of redemption. The residents' predominant focus was on building their pro-social identities, giving back through generativity, and wanting to resort back to their previous roles as mothers, all whilst being cognisant of the need to prioritise their personal development. The residents' identity narratives also reflected the impact of the Grace Foundation and the efficacy of this extrinsic support in their desistance. Overall, the findings of this study confirm results presented in the existing literature while introducing two additional variables – that of the importance of reconnecting with their culture and the importance of their roles as mothers as predictors towards effective desistance. A greater understanding of their narratives offers the chance to establish, consolidate and hone practices and systems suitable for promoting and maintaining desistance, both within, and external to, the Criminal Justice System in NZ
Wash the Hate: An Exploratory Study of the Online Anti-Asian Hate From an Asian-New Zealander Perspective
No full textThis thesis explores the COVID-19-related xenophobia and racism that was directed towards individuals of Asian descent on Facebook and Twitter, better known as ‘Anti-Asian Hate ’, in colloquial terms. Three distinct time frames were selected, focusing on New Zealand-based COVID-19 events such as the first detection of COVID-19 in New Zealand, the March 2020 nationwide lockdown, and the first elevation in alert levels for the Auckland region in late 2020 as a response to COVID-19 being detected in the community. The research aimed to explore and answer the question “How can the social media discourse on the emergence of COVID-19 in China be understood by using an Asian-New Zealander lens?”
The findings of the research suggest that factors that may contribute to such negative attitudes include a mistrust of governing bodies, the presence of misinformation on social media websites, an emphasis on the prejudiced views people have, as well as the questioning of the benefits and privileges that come with freedom of speech. The research also further confirmed a finding in previous research that was conducted in the United States, which suggested that social media often plays a role in spreading fake news and misinformation. This would therefore suggest that this spread of misinformation has an influence on people and some of the more recent historic events such as the Freedom Convoy protests that took place around the world. Further research into other Asian-New Zealanders’ experiences (and the experiences of other minorities that may have fallen victim to COVID-19-related scapegoating) would be needed to highlight who may have faced such adversity during the pandemic, where they might have been targeted, and how the comments that have been posted may have affected them
Māori and Romani and Juvenile Justice – Approaches and Responses from Different Justice Systems
No full textDiscrimination and over-representation of certain ethnic groups in the criminal justice system is a substantial social problem throughout Europe and in New Zealand. The study concentrates on the challenge of Māori and Romani over-representation in the youth justice systems and on access to justice in Hungary and New Zealand. Criminological research on Romani is scarce in contemporary Hungarian science. This academic deficiency was an important motivation for the research.
The aim of the comparative analysis was to gain understandings of the social aspects of how and why crime rates vary, and how the agents, structures and processes of responding to crime operate in culturally grounded contexts. In addition, both countries’ historical and current youth justice systems are presented and critically examined. The thesis encompassed the scrutiny of minority-majority relations; it focused on lessons that can be drawn from the respective social and criminal policy experiences through the lens of comparative criminology. This investigation has utilised a combination of grounded theory and critical ethnographic methodology, combining a number of in-depth (interviews, observations, documentary research) qualitative approaches. It is an interdisciplinary study (situated where criminal law, criminology, social history and political science meet), which applied an integrated critical and zemiologist approach. It explores systemic factors affecting attitudes towards alternatives to conventional criminal justice among policymakers, juvenile justice and ethnic minority stakeholders. By investigating both general and ethnic-specific community-based crime prevention and reintegration models, the research fills a gap left by previous research. However, it remains a significant issue that state players strenuously resist acknowledging the possibility of their own corruption by ethnicity-related factors.
The research output suggests that culture- and colour-conscious policies and community-based approaches and institutions can have a greater cultural understanding both within organisations and when working with the public, and that they can reduce discriminative attitudes and socioeconomic inequities through empowerment and dialogue. Moreover, they have the capability to be more efficient in responding to deviancy than the conventional, punitive approach. Crime prevention and juvenile justice programmes that incorporate specific aspects of cultural values and principles and the special needs of offenders are likely to be more efficient at changing offending behaviour than culturally neutral programmes.
Finally, the study finds that the current, inappropriate, usage of the youth justice system disproportionately affects underprivileged Romani and Māori communities and serves, to varying degrees, as an instrumental component of a systematic social exclusion
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