1,720,956 research outputs found
A mathematical framework for time-variant multi-state kinship modelling
No full textRecent research on kinship modelling in demography has extended age-structured models (i) to include additional characteristics, or “stages” (multi-state kinship), and (ii) to time-variant situations. A wide variety of population structures can affect kinship networks. However, only one prior model has comprehensively considered such effects, and under specific assumptions relating to the nature of individuals’ stages. As such, the leading multi-state framework for kin is theoretically limited in scope, and moreover, has yet to be implemented under time-variant demographic rates. Generalising kinship models to encompass arbitrary population characteristics and extending them to time-dependent processes remain open challenges in demography. This research proposes a methodology to extend multi-state kinship. We present a model which theoretically accounts for any stage, both in time-variant and time-invariant environments. Drawing from Markov processes, a concise mathematical alternative to existing theory is developed. The benefits of our model are illustrated by an application where we define stages as spatial locations, exemplified by clusters of local authority districts (LADs) in England and Wales. Our results elucidate how spatial distribution – a demographic characteristic ubiquitous across (and between) societies – can affect an individual's network of relatives.</p
Changes in kinship: implications for the availability of kin to care
No full textOver the next 40 years, the number of people aged 80 and over in England and Wales will double, rising from 3.1 million in 2023 to 6.3 million in 2060. Currently, families are the main source of care and support in later life. However, changes in fertility and mortality are reshaping families, with implications for the continuing availability of kin to care.This briefing presents initial findings from the ESRC Connecting Generations Kinship Model, providing new insights into the changing availability of kin across the life course. With improvements in mortality, people are more likely to have multiple generations of kin alive. Those currently in mid-life (45-64yrs) are more likely than previous generations to simultaneously have adult children, grandchildren and siblings, as well as older parents. However, looking forward, the lower fertility of the baby boom cohorts born in the 1960s means that they will have fewer surviving adult children at age 80 than previous cohorts. This raises questions about society’s ability to continue relying on kin as the primary source of care
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Global 1km-grid population projections for 2025-2100 consistent with the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways 3.2 national population projections, version 0.2
No full textThis data release provides gridded population distributions (spatial resolution of 30 arc-seconds, approximately 1km grid cells) globally for 2025-2100, quantitatively consistent with the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP) 3.2 national population scenarios.
National population totals at 5-year intervals for 2025-2100 were provided for each SSP scenario. Using WorldPop Global2 R2025A data, subnational population proportions were calculated and summarised at administrative unit level 2, i.e. the percentage of the national population within each administrative unit.
Global2 historical settlement data was used to determine the percentage of grid cells that became built settlement per administrative unit in 5-year intervals for 2015-2025 and the number of people per new settlement grid cell. This rate of settlement change was extrapolated into future 5-year intervals (2030-2100) and cross-referenced against a probability of becoming built settlement layer, where the transition probability of non-built-settlement to built-settlement was created following the methodology outlined in [3]. The grid cells with the highest probability of becoming built settlement were selected until the required percentage of grid cells was reached.
The WorldPop Global2 R2025A population data were populated with new settlement grid cells and normalised so that the national population count was consistent with the SSP totals. Concurrently, the subnational population proportions calculated at administrative unit level 2 were retained during normalisation. These steps were implemented to create the global gridded population distributions for 2015-2100 for each SSP scenario.
These data were produced by the WorldPop Research Group at the University of Southampton in collaboration with researchers at the University of Bristol. This work was part of the FuturePop: Constructing high spatial resolution population projections and supporting the provision, access and updates of WorldPop spatial demographic datasets project, funded by the Wellcome Trust (grant 308679/Z/23/Z).</span
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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