1,721,037 research outputs found
Low dose oral contraceptives in perimenopausal women: effects on metabolism and symptoms.
No full textHormonal contraception in adolescents
No full textThe proper use of hormonal contraceptives represents an effective and safe prevention of unintended pregnancies which are still associated with morbidity and mortality. The side effects of the hormonal method are of concern to many young women even if a lot of adolescents are unaware of health benefits associated with their use except for those regarding menstrual disorders. Effective contraception improves health and may gives non contraceptives benefits such as a decreased risk of developing pelvic inflammatory diseases and improvement of endometriosis. However, incorrect or inconsistent use and discontinuation rate are higher in young girls than in older women determining a higher incidence of voluntary abortion. The use of hormonal contraception in adolescents is still a topic of discussion among medical practitioners. Adolescents require an accurate screening and a more frequent follow-up to reduce side effects and improve compliance and us
A multicentre collaborative study on the use of cold scalpel and electrocautery for midline abdominal incision
No full textBackground: Although studies in animals demonstrated a better wound healing after abdominal incision with cold scalpel than with electrocautery, clinical experiences did not confirm these findings. The purpose of this study was to compare early and late wound complications between diathermy and scalpel in gynecologic oncologic patients undergoing midline abdominal incision. Methods: Patients undergoing midline abdominal incision for uterine malignancies were divided into two groups according to the method used to perform the abdominal midline incision: cold scalpel and diathermy in coagulation mode. Early and late complications were compared. Logistic regressions were used for statistical analysis. Results: Nine hundred sixty-four patients were included, of whom 531 were in the scalpel group and 433 in the electrocautery group. Both groups were similar with respect to demographic, operative, and postoperative characteristics. Univariate analysis revealed a higher incidence of severe wound complications in the scalpel group than in the electrocautery group (8 of 531 versus 1 of 433, P 0.05). After adjustment for confounding variables (eg, age, body mass index) no differences were found between groups. Conclusions: Scalpel and diathermy are similar in terms of early and late wound complications when used to perform midline abdominal incisions. Therefore the choice of which method to use remains only a matter of surgeon preference. © 2001 Excerpta Medica, Inc. All rights reserved
The clinical significance of minimal-mild endometriosis and uterine myomas at laparoscopy in infertile women
No full textObjective: The significance of the presence of minimal-mild pelvic en- dometriosis and uterine myomas in infertile women and the treatment of these conditions are still controversial. Therefore we sought to further investigate whether minimal-mild endometriosis and uterine myomas are independent risk factors for the fertility outcome of infertile women and to explore if their treatment influences the pregnancy rate. Design: Prospective cross-sectional study. Materials/Methods: Consecutive patients who had tried to conceive with- out success for at least 12 months and had no other obvious causes of infertility (i.e. anovulation, male factor) underwent laparoscopy and hyster- oscopy. Pregnancy was documented by the presence of an intrauterine gestational sac at ultrasound. Estension of endometriosis was evaluated according to the revised American Fertility Society (rAFS) scoring system. Tubal patency was assessed in all patients. Diagnosis of endometriosis was confirmed by biopsy at laparoscopy. Student t-test or Mann-Whitney U test were used for continuous variables whereas Fisher exact test was used for proportions. Results: A total of 116 patients were enrolled. Of these 47 (40.6%) patients had at least one pregnancy (group 1), while 69 did not (group 2). The age was significantly lower in group 1 than in group 2 (31.1 4.0 vs. 33.1 3.8, p 0.01). No difference was found between groups in terms of duration of infertility (median: 36 months [range: 12–132] vs. median: 36 [range: 12–180]), previous appendectomy (14 [21.3%] vs. 25 [36.2%]),previous operations on the female genital tract (2 vs. 7), pelvic adhesions at laparoscopy (8 [17.0%] vs. 16 [23.2%]), moderate-severe endometriosis (2 vs. 3), non endometriotic ovarian cysts (1 vs. 0), abnormal hysteroscopic findings (7 [14.9%] vs. 10 [14.5%]), mono/bilateral tubal patency (2 vs. 5), and minimal-mild endometriosis (19 [40.4%] vs. 30 [43.5%]). The propor- tion of patients affected only by minimal-mild endometriosis was similar between group 1 and group 2 (18 [38.3%] vs. 28 [40.6%]). Among these patients, the proportion of those who underwent an operative laparoscopy (coagulation of all visible peritoneal foci) was not different between groups (14/18 vs. 26/28). No difference was present between group 1 and group 2 in the median follow up interval, even when the analysis was restricted to patients affected only by minimal-mild endometriosis. Isolated uterine my- omas greater than 2 cm were present in 15 cases. The pregnancy rate was higher among women who had myomectomy than in those conservatively managed (6/7 vs. 1/8, p 0.05). The age and duration of infertility was similar between women who underwent myomectomy and those conserva- tively treated. Conclusions: Neither the presence of minimal-mild endometriosis nor its treatment seem to influence the pregnancy rate of infertile women. On the contrary, the removal of uterine myomas detected at laparoscopy might be useful in increasing the pregnancy rate of infertile patients
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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