1,720,957 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Trace elements in peat bog waters: distinguishing natural from anthropogenic atmospheric inputs, and their potential bioavailability
No full textDust generating from open-pit mining and associated activities can influence the surrounding environment by releasing trace elements (TEs) through the dissolution of particles in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Ombrogenic peat bogs, which rely exclusively on atmospheric deposition and have a low pH (< 4) along with abundant organic acids in their waters, provide an ideal environment for the dissolution of chemically reactive mineral phases, consequently releasing TEs associated with them. In this study, TEs were analyzed in waters from living Sphagnum moss layers and peat porewaters collected from different bog sites that range in distance toward industry to evaluate the reactivity of dust. The impact of dust from mining activities on the release of TEs to bog waters was explored relative to background TE concentrations in bog waters from remote areas. Furthermore, the association of TEs with colloidal species in the dissolved fraction (<0.45 µm) was investigated to differentiate and quantify the truly dissolved species (ionic and small molecular species <0.5 kDa) to evaluate the potential bioavailability of TEs in bog ecosystems experiencing substantial dust deposition.
In both surface moss and underlying peat porewaters, most TEs, particularly lithophile elements such as Al, Li, Sr, Th, and Y, increased in concentration toward the mining area. These trends in dissolved TEs in peat bog waters align with the patterns of dust deposition rates calculated from the acid-insoluble ash content of Sphagnum mosses and peat cores from previous studies, providing evidence of dust dissolution. Notably, the higher concentrations of these lithophile elements in moss waters compared to peat porewaters are linked likely to the higher rate of contemporary dust deposition compared to the past.
In moss waters, the predominant influence of dust deposition in the mining area was observed on the dissolved concentrations of lithophile elements, such as Fe, Y, and Th, relative to remote locations. These elements were enriched >100x close to the mining area compared to the reference sites. In contrast, bitumen-enriched (Ni and V) and potentially toxic elements (e.g., As, Pb, and Sb) were less influenced and showed enrichments only up to 40 and 20x, respectively. On the other hand, in peat porewaters the enrichments of all elements were <10x, except for Mn, at sites in the vicinity of mining activities relative to the reference site. This indicates the modest impact of the reactivity of dust deposited in the past.
In both moss waters and peat porewaters from sites in the ABS region, from 10% to over 90% of most dissolved TEs were associated with colloids. In moss waters, lithophile elements (e.g., Al, Ba, Sr, Th, and Y) were primarily associated with inorganic colloids. In contrast, in peat porewaters, they were either associated with organic colloids (e.g., Al, Th, and Y) or predominantly present in the truly dissolved fraction (e.g., Sr and Ba). This variation with depth could be attributed to factors such as longer reaction times in deeper peat porewaters compared to surface moss waters, changing sources of dust due to industrial development in the area, variations in their mineralogical composition, and/or variations in the physico-chemical properties (e.g., pH, dissolved organic matter (DOM), dissolved oxygen, and redox potential) of both moss and peat porewaters.
Overall, these findings highlight the potential of using both moss and peat porewaters to monitor the reactivity of atmospheric dust inputs. Despite significantly higher rates of dust deposition closer to open-pit mining activities, the dissolved concentrations of chalcophile elements were enriched only up to 20x relative to remote locations. Further, the association of most TEs with colloids, suggesting lower bioavailability than predicted by dissolved concentrations (i.e. <0.45 µm) alone. This highlights the importance of assessing the chemical reactivity and TEs release in bioavailable forms to accurately evaluate potential environmental impact. Rather than solely measuring total dust and TE deposition, understanding their dissolution dynamics is critical for assessing ecosystem health and informing mitigation strategies
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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