1,720,960 research outputs found
Surgical management in the pelvis for patients with advanced ovarian cancer
No full textIn 70% of women, the diagnosis of epithelial ovarian cancer is at the advanced stage, and patient survival is negatively correlated with residual disease diameter in many series and meta-analyses. This evidence emphasizes the role of maximal cytoreduction in this particular oncologic population. In patients with disrupted pelvic anatomical conditions such as the so-called ???frozen pelvis???, the surgeons are called to a significant effort to achieve the maximal cytoreduction. Unlike colorectal cancer, malignant ovarian cells tend to invade superficial abdominal surfaces disseminating within the peritoneal cavity, thus involving the peritoneum layer and the omentum in most cases. This different etiopathogenesis determines the possibility of resecting most superficial lesions by mesorectal or total peritoneal stripping, thus achieving optimal surgical outcomes. Radical surgeries to debulk high-stage ovarian cancer have been described since 1965, additionally; in the 1970s, Hudson published the rationale and the description of retrograde hysterectomy during a radical oophorectomy. During the last two decades, the technique of radical oophorectomy with en-bloc resection of rectosigmoid for the frozen pelvis has gained popularity, and different surgical steps have been standardized to ease replication and used for teaching purposes. Moreover, the reduction of bleeding and the oncologic effectiveness of this cytoreductive procedure fit well together with the concept of the complete multiorgan debulking required in advanced ovarian cancer. In this view, the use of this standardized radical surgery allows the safe and comprehensive removal of all pelvic cancer in patients with advanced ovarian disease. This manuscript is an extensive updated technical overview from the pioneering series of our retired mentors to the current evolving surgical breakthroughs. Nowadays, this complex exenterative surgery paradigm for the frozen pelvis in advanced ovarian cancer is still changing because the innovative biological, genetic knowledge is continuously growing and evolving parallel to the advanced perioperative, anesthesiologic, and radiologic care
Diaphragmatic resection and liver mobilization during surgery for advanced ovarian cancer
No full textAdvanced ovarian cancer is a challenging disease that spreads principally to the peritoneal tissues. It is reported that diaphragmatic involvement occurred in 40% of patients with tumors localized in the pelvic cavity and 70% of cases with extrapelvic metastasis. Many gynecology oncology surgeons believe that invasive diaphragmatic disease is the most challenging disease localization to be wholly eradicated, second only to portal triad disease. The knowledge of diaphragm anatomy, the relevant hepatic attachments, and the central vasculature is substantial for the performance of radical surgery during debulking of upper abdominal quadrants in advanced ovarian cancer patients. Some surgical techniques are available to provide a proper cytoreductive effect for diaphragm involvement in ovarian cancer, including ablation using the Argon Beam Coagulator (ABC), aspiration using Cavitron Ultrasonic Surgical Aspirator (CUSA), peritonectomy (stripping), or full-thickness diaphragmatic resection. A multidisciplinary approach with the involvement of a thoracic surgeon could be beneficial for the correct assessment of the disease, the choice of the best treatment, and the success of the surgical procedure. To evaluate reconstructive surgery with meshes implantation during complex diaphragmatic procedures, care must be taken. No large study evaluated the perioperative outcomes related to diaphragmatic peritoneal stripping or diaphragmatic full-thickness resection; however, pleural effusion occurred in 43% of cases after peritoneal stripping and 51% after diaphragmatic full-thickness resections needing thoracentesis or chest tube placement in 4% and 9%, respectively. Moreover, the rate of postoperative pneumothorax (4% vs. 9%) and subdiaphragmatic abscess (3% vs. 3%) are similar after either of the two techniques. The current evidence from the literature suggests that the decision to drain postoperative effusion and the drainage method should be made in all cases at the discretion of the attending surgical team. Intraoperative pleural evacuation of fluid and air and closure of the diaphragm with eversion of the edges into the peritoneal cavity reduces postoperative effusions and pneumothorax. Typically, a chest tube is planned for patients with preoperative or postoperative large effusions, clinical signs of respiratory impairment, and radiological signs of pulmonary compromise. New minimally surgical approaches, technologies, energies, and postoperative care protocols are emerging to reduce the morbidity of this oncologic population
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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