1,720,969 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Misinformation and Influence in Cyberspace: The Importance of Individual Differences and Communication Channel
Get PDFThis thesis examines the role of Cialdini’s (2009) six principles of influence (i.e., authority, consistency, liking, reciprocity, scarcity and social proof) in three contexts that feature a high prevalence of misleading, deceptive and biased information: phishing emails, online news and social media. These contexts were chosen because of their relevance to defence and national security and because of their role in alleged political interference and broader financial, health and safety consequences. Aspects of communication relating to the message, channel, receiver and context are examined to better understand, a) the situations in which information is more persuasive, and b) the characteristics of people who are more susceptible to persuasion. The thesis begins with an overview of relevant literature relating to the importance of the topic; the principal theoretical frameworks examined; and, the principal research gaps and aims which the thesis sought to address. This is followed by a series of chapters or papers that summarise the findings from specific research investigations and a final discussion and summary of the findings and future directions. Paper 1 evaluated the prevalence of Cialdini’s (2009) influence principles in social media posts of scientific research and the effect of these on social media engagement. The study involved 100 social media news stories from Australia’s five top news sites. These news stories were evaluated for the presence of six principles of influence and for the accuracy with which the social media post summarised the news report. The measure of social media engagement used incorporated the number of people who liked, shared or commented on the post. The results showed that social media posts were most likely to emphasise the authority of the reported research, with posts that emphasised authority found to receive significantly more social media engagement than posts without this principle. By contrast, social media posts that used the consistency and social proof principles were significantly less popular than those without these influence tactics. Paper 2 used the context of online science news reporting to examine several factors that may affect how people process a news report. The study examined the influence of misinformation, source authority, and whether the news report was first viewed in a social media format. It also examined how are these relationships are affected by differences between individuals. A total of 258 participants took part in an online experiment with a 2 (low misinformation vs. high misinformation) x 2 (low authority vs. high authority) x 2 (news report only vs. social media post and news report) between-subjects factorial design. Participants were asked to read a news report, which differed based on the described manipulations (e.g., low or high on authority). They also completed measures of individual differences, such as susceptibility to authority, trust in news and impulsivity. The results showed that individual differences (i.e., receiver characteristics) and mode of communication (i.e., channel) played an important role in understanding how people process online news. For example, people were more influenced by perceived rather than objective accuracy and authority. In addition, viewing a news report with a misleading headline on social media tended to reduce a reader’s memory and understanding of the associated news report, but also increased the intended behaviour change evoked by the news report. Paper 3 examined how readers evaluate online news encountered on social media. We investigated further components of McGuire’s (1989) Communication Persuasion Matrix Model, including aspects associated with the message, such as source authority and social proof, and also aspects of the receiver and the context. A 2 (social proof: low vs. high) x 2 (source authority: low vs. high) x 2 (information processing task order: before vs. after) between-subjects randomised design was used, and 736 participants were presented with a social media post of online news. The results showed that the influence of the authority of the source was dependent on the level of social proof evident in the post (i.e., the number of likes, shares and comments on a message). High authority sources were more likely to influence people than low authority sources when social proof was low. However, such authority effects were not present when social proof was high. The results also revealed that aspects of the receiver (e.g., susceptibility to persuasion, decision-making preference) and the context (e.g., what task someone was doing before viewing the post) play an important role in understanding how people are influenced by news on social media. In Paper 4, we presented a role-play scenario-based study to examine online social influence in phishing emails. A total of 985 participants were presented with 14 emails, which included 7 genuine and 7 phishing emails. For both genuine and phishing emails, this consisted of one email with no social influence principle, and one with each of Cialdini's (2009) six social influence principles. The results indicated that phishing emails utilising the scarcity and social proof principles were least successful, whereas those applying consistency and reciprocity principles were most successful. In support of the importance of individual differences, the principles that an individual considered to be most persuasive corresponded with the phishing emails to which that individual was most susceptible. Paper 5 reported on the factors that predict the ability to resist phishing attacks, which we term phishing resilience. In this study, we measured a larger number of potential contributing individual, cultural, organisational and interventional factors than any previous study. A total of 607 participants completed two stages of an online experiment, with the first stage consisting of measures of information security awareness and other individual difference measures, and the second stage consisting of a phishing study. We found that people were better at resisting phishing attacks when they: had higher information security awareness; were older; were less susceptible to social pressures; had a rational rather than impulsive decision-making preference; and were less likely to trust in information technology safeguards. In conclusion, this thesis highlighted the importance of considering individual and contextual factors when understanding whether an individual will be influenced rather than just the specific influence attempt. Persuasion in different online environments was found to be more about individual differences (e.g., susceptibility to persuasion), channel differences (e.g., social media vs. news) and context differences (e.g., what task an individual is doing beforehand) than it is about the persuasion principle that was used. For example, although our results suggest that, on average, people are able to detect and deflect influence attempts in the online realm that use the social proof principle, our findings also highlight that this is not true of all individuals. We demonstrated that an individual’s susceptibility to specific influence attempts can be measured using a simple test that predicts behaviour, at least in an experimental setting. It is only when these factors are all considered that there will be a chance of understanding, and ultimately reducing unwanted influence attempts.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Psychology, 202
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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