1,720,957 research outputs found
Gender-based Factors Influencing the Choice of Communication Media for Accessing Agricultural Information in Kilosa and Mvomero Districts, Tanzania
Full text linkThe study examined socio-economic factors influencing the choice of communication media for accessing agricultural information among gender categories, that is, men, women, and youths in Kilosa and Mvomero districts of Tanzania. Data were collected from a sample of 240 selected farmers. Information was collected using structured and semi-structured interviews, and document reviews. The collected data were analyzed through descriptive, inferential and qualitative approaches. A multinomial logit was estimated to identify socio-economic factors such as age of a farmer in farming, education level, types of assets owned, farmer’s marital status, income and nature of farming enterprise in influencing the choice of communication media for accessing agricultural information among men, women, and youths. Results showed that the choice of either television or video or mobile phones or Internet or leaflets or booklets over radio was not statistically gender based. In addition, the choice of leaflets and television by famers over radio in rural areas was influenced by their education level and income at 1% and 3% level of significance respectively. The increase of 1.5 years in schooling influences the farmer to choose leaflets than radio. Similarly, increase of income by 0.3% influences him/her to choose television rather than radio. The income enables the farmer to increase his/her television purchasing power and meet related operational costs by 2%. Generally, the study concludes that the choice between television, video, mobile phones, Internet, leaflets, or booklets over radio was not influenced by gender. However, farmers with low education and income levels did not choose leaflets and television, respectively. The study recommends that policy-makers should formulate appropriate strategies for motivating farmers with low level of education to read leaflets and mobilizing financial resource to enable the government’s intervention on subsidizing television to boost its usage by low-income farmers for timely access to agricultural information
Communication media preferences by rural communities for acquisition of agricultural information in Mvomero and Kilosa Districts, Morogoro, Tanzania
No full textA THESIS SUBMITTED IN FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY OF SOKOINE UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE. MOROGORO, TANZANIA.It has not been established yet whether or not the availability, accessibility and content of communication media and their related factors influence heteregeneous groups in their preferences for communication media for acquisition of agricultural information in rural communities in Tanzania. This study aimed at establishling preferences for communication media for acquisition of agricultural information by rural community members in Mvomero and Kilosa Districts. It comprised a sample size of 240 community members, whereby data were obtained using a semi-structured questionnaire, focus group discussions, key informant interviews, observations and document reviews. The quantitative and qualitative data were analysed using SPSS and NUD*IST Vivo (Nvivo) computer softwares respectively. Results indicated that availability and accessibility of radio influenced men, women and youths in their preference for the medium; while based on availability of agricultural information that meet their needs: Men preferred broadcast media (radio and television); women preferred booklets, while youths preferred mobile phones. In addition, acceptability of print media was influenced by readability. The study established the readability Flesch index of 54.99 for leaflets and booklets in the study area that had not been established. This means that people with low level of education in the study area had problems in understanding the content of print media. Furthermore, accessibility of leaflets and television was influenced by education level and income of community members. This is an added knowledge in the Preference Theory. Finally, the study identified organisational constraints as most influential constraints to utilisation of communication media. In conclusion, preference for communication media by rural community members is influenced by their availability, accessibility and content of communication media. The study recommends establishing at least one farmers’ resource centre per ward in rural areas to enhance availability of communication media; government intervention to reduce costs of television and its accessories for boosting usage and accessibility of television to low income earners in rural areas, and increasing funds for print media production to facilitate production of quality and readable leaflets and booklets among others
Community Engagement in Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Analysis at the Grassroots in Rural Tanzania: A Case of Visual Problem Appraisal for AIDS and Rural Development
Full text linkMissed grounded analysis of Human Immune Deficiency Virus/ Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Analysis (HIV/AIDS) at the grassroots level has led to the persistence of the pandemic in rural areas. This pseudo-experimental study aimed to explore the potentiality of Visual Problem Appraisal of AIDS and Rural Development (VPA A & RD) in supporting grassroots capacity to make informed choices through grounded analysis of the HIV/AIDS problem. Primary data were collected through VPA A & RD workshops, Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), key informant interviews, physical visits and observations. The secretariat of Matombo Division Farmers Groups’ Local Network (MVIWATAMA) was involved directly in a strategic selection of 20 (14 males and six females) workshop participants from Kifindike, Tawa, Uponda, Kiswira and Konde villages. The collected data, narratives and observations were verified and compared with relevant literature for interpretation and interrelations. The tool was found to be useful in engaging, empowering and supporting small-scale farmers’ informed choices. In addition, findings indicate that the persistence of HIV/AIDS in rural areas is due to improper analysis of the problem and review of HIV/AIDS policy. The study, among other things, recommends the establishment of an HIV/AIDS policy working paper and the incorporation of VPA potential in Tanzania universities’ curricula to enhance critical thinking among graduates
Communication media preferences by rural communities for acquisition of agricultural information in Mvomero and Kilosa Districts, Morogoro, Tanzania
No full textA THESIS SUBMITTED IN FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY OF SOKOINE UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE. MOROGORO, TANZANIA.It has not been established yet whether or not the availability, accessibility and content of communication media and their related factors influence heteregeneous groups in their preferences for communication media for acquisition of agricultural information in rural communities in Tanzania. This study aimed at establishling preferences for communication media for acquisition of agricultural information by rural community members in Mvomero and Kilosa Districts. It comprised a sample size of 240 community members, whereby data were obtained using a semi-structured questionnaire, focus group discussions, key informant interviews, observations and document reviews. The quantitative and qualitative data were analysed using SPSS and NUD*IST Vivo (Nvivo) computer softwares respectively. Results indicated that availability and accessibility of radio influenced men, women and youths in their preference for the medium; while based on availability of agricultural information that meet their needs: Men preferred broadcast media (radio and television); women preferred booklets, while youths preferred mobile phones. In addition, acceptability of print media was influenced by readability. The study established the readability Flesch index of 54.99 for leaflets and booklets in the study area that had not been established. This means that people with low level of education in the study area had problems in understanding the content of print media. Furthermore, accessibility of leaflets and television was influenced by education level and income of community members. This is an added knowledge in the Preference Theory. Finally, the study identified organisational constraints as most influential constraints to utilisation of communication media. In conclusion, preference for communication media by rural community members is influenced by their availability, accessibility and content of communication media. The study recommends establishing at least one farmers’ resource centre per ward in rural areas to enhance availability of communication media; government intervention to reduce costs of television and its accessories for boosting usage and accessibility of television to low income earners in rural areas, and increasing funds for print media production to facilitate production of quality and readable leaflets and booklets among others
Communication media preferences by rural communities for acquisition of agricultural information in Mvomero and Kilosa Districts, Morogoro, Tanzania
No full textA THESIS SUBMITTED IN FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY OF SOKOINE UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE. MOROGORO, TANZANIA.It has not been established yet whether or not the availability, accessibility and content of communication media and their related factors influence heteregeneous groups in their preferences for communication media for acquisition of agricultural information in rural communities in Tanzania. This study aimed at establishling preferences for communication media for acquisition of agricultural information by rural community members in Mvomero and Kilosa Districts. It comprised a sample size of 240 community members, whereby data were obtained using a semi-structured questionnaire, focus group discussions, key informant interviews, observations and document reviews. The quantitative and qualitative data were analysed using SPSS and NUD*IST Vivo (Nvivo) computer softwares respectively. Results indicated that availability and accessibility of radio influenced men, women and youths in their preference for the medium; while based on availability of agricultural information that meet their needs: Men preferred broadcast media (radio and television); women preferred booklets, while youths preferred mobile phones. In addition, acceptability of print media was influenced by readability. The study established the readability Flesch index of 54.99 for leaflets and booklets in the study area that had not been established. This means that people with low level of education in the study area had problems in understanding the content of print media. Furthermore, accessibility of leaflets and television was influenced by education level and income of community members. This is an added knowledge in the Preference Theory. Finally, the study identified organisational constraints as most influential constraints to utilisation of communication media. In conclusion, preference for communication media by rural community members is influenced by their availability, accessibility and content of communication media. The study recommends establishing at least one farmers’ resource centre per ward in rural areas to enhance availability of communication media; government intervention to reduce costs of television and its accessories for boosting usage and accessibility of television to low income earners in rural areas, and increasing funds for print media production to facilitate production of quality and readable leaflets and booklets among others
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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