62,904 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Thylakogaster namibiensis Brenke & Buschmann, 2009, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Thylakogaster namibiensis</i> sp. nov. (Figs. 1–5) <p> <i>Material:</i> 14 specimens of <i>Thylakogaster namibiensis</i> sp. nov. were found at four stations during the Diva 1 expedition (Tab. 1).</p> <p> <i>Holotype:</i> ♂, 1.9 mm, Area 4, Station #340 (EBS 09): 18°18.3’S 004°41.3’E to 18°19.4’S 004°41.9’E, 5395 m depth; ZMH K-40840 A–N, 14 slides. (Diva 1 Id No.: D1- HM9)</p> <p> <i>Paratype (Allotype):</i> 1 ♀, 1.6 mm, Area 4, Station #340 (EBS 09): 18°18.3’S 004°41.3’E to 18°19.4’S 004°41.9’E, 5395 m depth; ZMH K-40842. (D1- HM8)</p> <p> <i>Paratypes:</i> 1 ♂, 1.2mm, Area 5, Station #344 (EBS 10): 17° 06.2' S 004° 41.7' E to 17° 07.5' S 004° 42.3' E, 5415 m depth; ZMH K-40841 A–L, 12 slides. (D1- HM1). 1 juvenile (stage IV) 1.1mm (D1- HM3) and 1 juvenile (stage II) 0.7mm (D1- HM2) both from Area 6, Station #348 (EBS 11): 16° 18.1' S 005° 27.2' E to 16° 19.3' S 005° 27.2' E, 5387m depth; ZMH K-40843, K-40844.</p> <p> <i>Distribution</i>. Known only from the Angola Basin, Atlantic Ocean, 850 km west of Namibia. Depth range: 5387–5415 m.</p> <p> <i>Etymology.</i> Thylakogaster namibiensis sp. nov. is named after the sample locality: the new species was sampled 850 km westwards of the African coast off Namibia, in the Atlantic Ocean.</p> <p> <i>Diagnosis</i>. Cephalothorax-pereon length 3 times longer than wide. Antenna 1 of copulatory male consisting of 3 articles in peduncle and 12 in flagellum, aesthetascs present on articles 9–13 (formula: P3–F12[A8–12]). Article 3 length 1.1 article 2 length. Antenna 2 with 6 articles in peduncle and 11 in flagellum. Pleotelson length 0.66 cephalothorax-pereon length, length 1.34 width. Pleotelson with 30–40 simple spines developed on each lateral half. Uropods mace-like, broadened, inserting beneath broad keel close to rounded tip of pleotelson. Pleotelson nearly as long as broad, with rounded tip and small disto-medial projection, laterally expanded into 2 huge bumps on either side of frontal indentation.</p> <p> <i>Description of male (description of pereopods from juvenile paratypes):</i> Body (Fig. 1a–d) compact, cephalothorax-pereon length width 1.51, dorsoventrally flat and convex, unpigmented.</p> <p>Cephalothorax (Fig. 1a, b, e) rounded, length 0.27 cephalothorax-pereon length. Clearly visible fronsclypeal ridge developed anteriorly. Cephalon fused completely to first pereonite. Antennal insertion located on small projection on dorso-lateral surface.</p> <p>Pereon (Fig. 1a, b) with 1–2 spines on lateral margins of pereonites 1–7 next to coxae. Pereonites 1–3 of subequal proportions. Pereonite 3 widest. Pereonites 4–7 decreasing in length, with one or 2 small simple spines on ventral margins.</p> <p>Pleotelson (Fig. 1a, d, e, g) nearly as long as wide, length 0.66 cephalothorax-pereon length (measured basis of Plt to apex), with rounded tip; located dorsally above pereon and covering more than last 6 pereonites; laterally expanded into 2 huge bumps on either side of a frontal indentation. Pleotelson with 30–40 simple spines on each lateral side, often broken off at ends. Frontal indentation spineless. Uropods tiny, positioned on projecting lobes on ventral side close to pleotelson tip. Comb-like row of thin, unequally bifid setae below insertion of uropods (Fig. 1c)on both posterior margins (Fig. 1d). Setae more closely together than lateral cuticular spines on pleotelson. Both setae and spines increasing in length from tip to basis of pleotelson.</p> <p>Pleopods 1 and 2 in a posterio-dorsal position due to rounded form and position of pleotelson. Pleotelson covered entirely with spines in both sexes. External surfaces of male pleopods 1 and 2 equipped with single rows of spines. Surface of female operculum completely covered with strong spines.</p> <p>Antenna 1 (Fig. 2c, d): about as long as cephalothorax-pereon length, inserting dorso-medially at basis of A2. 3 articles in peduncle: article 1 with 1 broom seta and 1 short simple seta on disto-frontal margin (Fig. 2f). Article 2 with 1 plumose seta on disto-ventral margin. Article 3 without setae. Length ratio of peduncle articles: 1:0.7:0.8. Flagellum composed of 12 articles. Article 1 short, second article elongated, article 12 tiny (Fig. 2e). Length ratio of flagellar articles: 1:5.5:2:2.2:2:2.5:2.5:2.8:2:1.5:2.2:0.25. Flagellar articles with 1–2 fine simple seta. Flagellar articles 8–12 with 1 single aesthetasc each.</p> <p>Antenna 2 (Fig. 2b): length 2.0 cephalothorax-pereon length. Peduncle with 6 articles (Articles 1 broken off, article 2 damaged during dissection). Articles 1–4 short (only articles 2–4 are illustrated). Article 3 with 1 small seta on ventral side. Article 4 with 2 unequally bifid setae on dorsal side. Articles 5 and 6 elongated, bearing unequally bifid setae at irregular intervals (Articles 5 partially fractured in illustrated specimen). Setae insert with slight elevation, most setae broken off. Length ratio of peduncle articles: 1:1.1:0.5:1:8:14. Flagellum with 11 articles, first and second elongated, remaining articles smaller, subequal. Flagellar articles 1, 3 and 5 without setae, 8 with 1, articles 2, 4, 7, 9 and 10 with 2 setae. Article 6 with 3 small and thin simple setae. Article 11 with 5 long, thin setae on distal end (Fig. 2a).</p> <p>Mandibles (Fig. 2g, h): proximally broad, tapering distally, without palp. Left mandible with long, slender, simple, medial seta. Right mandible with 1 short, simple seta medially and 1 slender, simple spine and short, strong spine laterally.</p> <p> Left incisor process with 5 teeth with cuticular wrinkles, ventral-most tooth largest, remaining teeth decreasing in size to dorsal side. <i>Lacinia mobilis</i> of left mandible broad, bearing 4 prominent teeth and 1 small tooth. Setal row of 4 curved spines and 2 slender, simple setae. Molar process finger-like, with 7 long, slender, simple setae.</p> <p>Right incisor process with 5 broad teeth of approximately same size, with cuticular wrinkles. Setal row of 5 curved spines, each spine serrated with 7 strong, short teeth; between curved spines some long and slender simple setae. Molar process finger-like, distal with 12 long, slender, simple setae.</p> <p>Maxilla 1 (Fig. 3e, f): Outer lobe of left maxilla 1 terminally with 11 spine-like setae: 6 stout and rough serrated setae, 4 long setae serrated and equipped with a dense comb of fine setae and 1 simple, fine, ventral seta. Outer lobe of right maxilla 1 terminally with 11 spine-like setae of comparable size: 7 stout and rough serrated setae, 2 setae serrated and equipped with dense comb of fine setae and ventrally 2 simple fine setae. Inner lobe of right maxilla 1 with 3 long and slender setae.</p> <p>Maxilla 2 (Fig. 4a, b): middle and outer lobe subequal in length. Tips of middle and outer lobes with 3 long, single, side, plumose seta and 1 simple, media seta. Outer lobe also with 2 combs of 4 fine setae laterodistally. Inner lobe shorter and broader than middle and outer lobes. Inner lobe with 11 simple setae: 8 short on tip and 3 long on median margin. Proximal to these with 3 long and 7 small additional setae.</p> <p>Maxilliped (Fig. 3a–d): epipodite small and triangular, carrying numerous fine setae on its surface and lateral margins, reaching only half of length of lobe. Lateral margin of lobe irregularly rounded, tip truncated, with simple setae. Distal part of lateral margin of lobe with row of fine setae. Medial margin of lobe straight. Lobes connected by 5 (left lobe 3, right lobe 2) retinacula (Fig. 3b, d). Retinacula with 5 prominent teeth and cuticular wrinkles. Palpus long and slender, about twice as long as lobe. Palpus tapering distally, composed of 5 articles. All articles with numerous fine setae on surface and lateral margins. Length ratio of articles: 0.3:0.7:1:1.5:1.2. All articles with thin, long setae as follows: 1 with single seta, 2 with 2, 3 with 4, 4 with 3 and 5 with 7 long setae.</p> <p>Pereopods (Fig. 4c–f): all pereopods insert on elongated lateral projection (Fig. 1a, e)</p> <p>Pereopod 1 (Fig. 4d): robust, length 1.3 cephalothorax-pereon length, subchelate with prominent, strong, unequally bifid setae of altering length on basis, ischium, merus and carpus. Basis with 1 unequally bifid seta on ventral margin. Ischium length 0.5 basis length, with 3 unequally bifid setae and 2 simple setae on ventral and 2 unequally bifid setae on dorsal margin. Merus short, with 6 unequally bifid setae, 3 on ventral and 3 on dorso-frontal margin. Carpus elongated, longer than basis, with 11 strong unequally bifid on ventral margin opposite to propodus and dactylus and 5 additionally unequally bifid setae on proximal medial surface.</p> <p>Propodus with row of 5 fine setae on ventral and 2 simple setae on dorsal margin. Dactylus with 9 long simple setae (Fig. 4f).</p> <p>Pereopods 2–7 slender, sub-similar walking legs. Coxa of pereopods 2 to 7 recognizable but fused with pereonites and only slightly movable. All coxae with 3–5 strong, simple spines.</p> <p>Pereopod 2 (Fig. 4c): length 1.4 cephalothorax-pereon length. Basis with 3 slender simple setae on ventral margin (see remarks). Ischium as long as broad, with 5 unequally bifid setae, 1 on ventral and 4 on dorsal margin. Merus with 2 setae on ventral and 4 setae on dorsal margin. Carpus long, slender, with row of long unequally bifid setae and long simple setae on ventral margin opposite to propodus. 4 unequally bifid setae dorsally and additionally 1 broom seta distally. Propodus narrower, but as long as carpus. Propodus with more than 18 long, robust, unequally bifid setae. Terminally with 7 slender, simple setae. Dactylus with 7 long simple setae (Fig. 4e).</p> <p>Pleopods (Fig. 5a–e): male pleopods 1 and 2 forming posterio-ventral part of pleotelson, completely covering branchial cavity.</p> <p>Pleopod 1 (Fig. 5a): male pleopod 1, length 3.7 width, lateral margins nearly parallel, tapering in the distal fifth. Ventral surface with row of 4 strong spines each. Disto-lateral corners with 8 small, hair-like setae.</p> <p>Pleopod 2 (Fig. 5e): male pleopod 2, length 3.0 width,with 2 rows of 7 cuticular spines on external surface. Lateral margin with dense row of long, slender setae. Stylet (endopodite) short, robust, stylet length 0.33 protopod length. Exopodite forms a small lobe disto-medial of endopodite.</p> <p>Pleopod 2 (Fig. 1g): female pleopod 2 tapering distally, truncate proximally, completely covering branchial cavity. External surface with irregularly distributed cuticular spines.</p> <p>Pleopod 3 (Fig. 5b): exopodite elongated and hemispherical, 2-articulated, lateral and disto-medial margins with rows of numerous long, hair-like setae, distal article with 1 simple seta apically. Endopod length 1.4 width, distally rounded, with 3 strong, plumose, terminal setae and hair-like, medial and apical setae.</p> <p>Pleopod 4 (Fig. 5c): transparent, small, length 2.5 width, without setae, exopodite slender.</p> <p>Pleopod 5 (Fig. 5d): transparent, small, length 2.8 width ratio, without setae, exopodite reduced.</p> <p>Uropods (Fig. 1c, f): inserting beneath broad keel on ventral margin of branchial cavity close to tip of pleotelson, uniramous, cylindrical. Distal part swollen, rounded, with 5 hair-like setae.</p> <p> <i>Remarks.</i> The copulatory male described bares only the antenna 1 and the first pereopods. The rest of the long appendages were broken off at their basis. For description of the lost antenna and the pereopod 2, a comparably large paratype was used. Except for the individuals described here, the long and extremely fragile antenna 1, antenna 2 and pereopods 3 to 7 were broken off on all specimens of <i>T. namibiensis</i> sp. nov., or the specimens were significantly smaller. Male and female of <i>T. namibiensis</i> show no sexual dimorphism, besides the female may be expanded if oostegites are developed.</p> <p>The inner lobe of the left maxillula and the distal part of the merus of pereopod 2 were damaged during dissection. The cuticular wrinkles on the surface of pleopod 3 may be artefacts.</p>Published as part of <i>Brenke, Nils & Buschmann, Anika, 2009, Thylakogaster namibiensis sp. nov. (Isopoda: Asellota: Janiroidea), a new species of Haplomunnidae from the southeast Atlantic deep sea *, pp. 381-394 in Zootaxa 2096 (1)</i> on pages 384-390, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2096.1.23, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5323453">http://zenodo.org/record/5323453</a>
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Exceptional points in the thermoacoustic spectrum
No full textExceptional points are found in the spectrum of a prototypical thermoacoustic system as the parameters of the flame transfer function are varied. At these points, two eigenvalues and the associated eigenfunctions coalesce. The system's sensitivity to changes in the parameters becomes infinite. Two eigenvalue branches collide at the exceptional point as the interaction index is increased. One branch originates from a purely acoustic mode, whereas the other branch originates from an intrinsic thermoacoustic mode. The existence of exceptional points in thermoacoustic systems has implications for physical understanding, computing, modeling and control
The safety and effectiveness of different methods of ear wax removal: a systematic review and economic evaluation
No full textEar wax (cerumen) is a natural secretion produced to protect the inner ear from dirt and other fragments by moving these particles towards the outer ear. If this process does not happen properly, wax may build up causing blockage in the ear canal and the possibility of impaction. People with a build up of ear wax may suffer from hearing loss, discomfort and, on occasions, infection. It may present problems in assessing hearing, blocking the view of the ear drum during medical examination and interfering with the fitting or function of hearing aids. Although it is thought to affect between 2% and 6% of the population in the England and Wales, some groups may be at a higher risk, such as those using hearing aids or with small ear canals and/or skin conditions. Recurrence is thought to be high among some of these groups. The consequences of the build up of ear wax in the ear canal are thought to be a common reason for consultation and cost in general practice with over 2 million consultations per year in the NHS.Methods of removal of ear wax include drops, flushing with water in general practice, and removal with suction or probes in specialist clinics. The relative safety and benefits of these different methods of removal remains uncertain. This research will systematically review published and unpublished evidence on the clinical and cost effectiveness of different methods for the removal of ear wax. Where appropriate, it will develop an economic model using data from this systematic review and other relevant sources to estimate the relative costs and benefits of different methods. In addition, the project will provide recommendations for future research to try to help answer any remaining areas of uncertainty
Self-archiving practice and the influence of publisher policies in the social sciences
No full textAuthors in different disciplines exhibit very different behaviours on the so-called ‘green’ road to open access, i.e. self-archiving. This study looks at the self-archiving behaviour of authors publishing in leading journals in six social science disciplines. It tests the hypothesis that authors are self-archiving according to the norms of their respective disciplines rather than following self-archiving policies of publishers, and that, as a result, they are self-archiving significant numbers of publisher PDF versions. It finds significant levels of
self-archiving, as well as significant self-archiving of
the publisher PDF version, in all the disciplines
investigated. Publishers’ self-archiving policies have
no influence on author self-archiving practice
Bibliographics for the 983 eprints in the live archives of E-LIS : trends and status report up to 7th July 2004, based on author-self-archiving metadata
No full textThe priority for ideas and philosophy related to "Network Theory" have been traced back and documented by Braun(2004),and credit goes to Karinthy(1929).The IT has empowered to realise it, as the most practical phenomena and it is no more a humour. The OAI (Open Archives Initiatives)and ACIS (Academic Contributor Information System)are progressive in the direction ,which may lead to realise the "Collective Genius" at global level. Focus of present study is on Author-Self-Archiving (A-S-A)Metadata of the 983 Eprints in the Live Archives of the E-LIS (EPrints of Library and Information Science),which were approved till 7th July 2004.The A-S-A Metadata was used for librametric analysis. Self-explanatory bibliographics are illustrated.The highlights include: Conference papers (34%); highest approval, June 2004 (28%); published archives (76%);not refereed (52%); not in public domain (60%); highest self-archiving-author (De Robbio, Antonella).The Nos. of EPrints having single JITA domain specifications were: Theoretical and general aspects of libraries and information(27); Information use and sociology of information(80);Users,literacy and reading(13);Libraries as physical collections(30);Publishing and legal issues(57);Management(13);Industry, profession and education(36);Information sources, supports, channels(113) ; Information treatment for information services, Information functions and techniques (101); Technical services libraries, archives and museums(25); Housing technologies(1); Information technology and library technology(92); and Inter-domainery (395) i.e. having specifications of two or more than two JITA classes
Author Co-Citation Analysis (ACA): a powerful tool for representing implicit knowledge of scholar knowledge workers
No full textIn the last decade, knowledge has emerged as one of the most important and valuable organizational assets. Gradually this importance caused to emergence of new discipline entitled ―knowledge management‖. However one of the major challenges of knowledge management is conversion implicit or tacit knowledge to explicit knowledge. Thus Making knowledge visible so that it can be better accessed, discussed, valued or generally managed is a long-standing objective in knowledge management. Accordingly in this paper author co- citation analysis (ACA) will be proposed as an efficient technique of knowledge visualization in academia (Scholar knowledge workers)
- …
