1,720,967 research outputs found
Superficial vein thrombosis: differential diagnosis of circumscribed skin discolorations at autopsy
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Suicidal wrist bites
No full text<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Wrist injuries are not uncommon in forensic routine and are usually found in the context of suicides or as a result of psychiatric illnesses, e.g., borderline disorders. Sharp objects (knives, broken glass, etc.) are usually used. In the case reported here, a paranoid-schizophrenic man not only injured himself with razor blades on both wrists, but he also inflicted extensive wrist bite injuries using his dental prosthesis. In addition to the severance of flexor tendons, venous vessels and the left radial artery were torn with subsequent blood loss. At the time of death, there was also acute exposure to methadone and opiates. Patients suffering from psychotic illnesses have an increased risk of committing spectacular or bizarre suicides.</jats:p>
assessment and interpretation of emergency medical measures at post-mortem examination
No full textZur Befundinterpretation ist es für den leichenschauenden Arzt nicht nur
zwingend erforderlich, dass durch medizinische Notfallmaßnahmen hervorgerufene
Artefakte am erfolglos reanimierten Patienten als solche erkannt und diese
bezüglich Indikation und Durchführung beurteilt werden – auch die Nicht-
Realisierung notfallmedizinischer Maßnahmen muss hinsichtlich möglicher
Indikationen beurteilt werden und kann medizinische, ggf. auch forensische
Relevanz erlangen. Insbesondere beim frustran reanimierten Trauma-Patienten
ist bei Leichenschau und Obduktion regelmäßig trotz entsprechender Indikation
die Nicht-Durchführung invasiver notfallmedizinischer Maßnahmen anzutreffen.
Im Falle einer traumatisch bedingten Reanimation ist am Leichnam insbesondere
festzustellen und zu dokumentieren, ob dieser vollständig durch Rettungskräfte
entkleidet wurde, ob und wie bei Vorliegen eines Weichteilemphysems oder vor
Abbruch von Reanimationsbemühungen eine beidseitige Thoraxdekompression
durchgeführt wurde, ob und wie bei Vorliegen einer klinisch instabilen
Beckenfraktur eine präklinische Beckenstabilisierung durchführt wurde bzw. ob
ausschließlich mit intraossären Zugängen an den unteren Extremitäten
gearbeitet wurde. Die rechtsmedizinische Einschätzung der Vermeidbarkeit des
jeweiligen Todesfalles kann grundsätzlich nur in Kenntnis der gesamten
individuellen Fallkonstellation erfolgen. Der Goldstandard der
notfallmedizinischen Qualitätskontrolle im Todesfall ist die Obduktion. Die
Notwendigkeit, bestehende notfallmedizinische Algorithmen und Abläufe
kontinuierlich zu evaluieren und fortzuentwickeln, ist insbesondere für die
traumatisch bedingte Reanimationssituation evident. Durch eine
interdisziplinäre Kooperation zwischen Notfallmedizin und Rechtsmedizin kann
diesem Anliegen Rechnung getragen werden. Der rechtsmedizinisch tätige Arzt
kann von notfallmedizinischen Kenntnissen jedoch nicht nur retrospektiv bei
Leichenschau und Obduktion, sondern auch aktiv im Rahmen des eigenen
ärztlichen Handelns profitieren, beispielsweise existieren rechts-, aber auch
notfallmedizinische Aspekte bei der Beurteilung der Verhandlungsfähigkeit im
schriftlichen Gutachten und in der Hauptverhandlung. Zwischen Notfallmedizin
und Rechtsmedizin bestehen erhebliche Gemeinsamkeiten und Schnittmengen.Emergency medicine procedures implemented in cases of traumatic death should
be evaluated at post-mortem examination. This should include examination of
treatmentinduced artefacts, but just as importantly the non-implementation of
emergency treatments. In cases of unsuccessful traumatic resuscitation,
recognition and documentation of the following items is of importance: Has the
body been completely undressed by emergency personnel? Is there soft tissue
emphysema, and was bilateral chest decompression performed prior to
termination of resuscitation efforts? In cases of clinically unstable pelvic
fracture, was pre-hospital pelvic stabilization implemented? Was volume and /
or pharmacological therapy given solely via intraosseous access on the lower
extremities? The forensic assessment of the preventability of each traumatic
death can only be carried out with knowledge of the entire individual case and
its circumstances. The gold standard for quality control in cases of death
following emergency medical is the autopsy. The need to continuously evaluate
and develop current emergency medical algorithms and processes is particularly
evident for traumatic resuscitation. Through an interdisciplinary
collaboration between emergency medicine and forensic medicine this approach
may be adopted. The forensic expert can benefit from emergency medicine
knowledge not only at post-mortem examination and autopsy, but also in his own
active medical practice. There are significant similarities and commonalities
between emergency medicine and forensic medicine
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