323,288 research outputs found
Piriformospora indica-primed transcriptional reprogramming induces defense response against early blight in tomato
No full textPiriformospora indica is an adaptable mycorrhiza-like fungus belonging to the Sebacinales order that can colonize roots of a wide range of plant species. Studies have shown that P. indica improves growth and enhances systemic defense against pathogens in host plants. However, the mechanism(s) through which these effects occur remain unclear. Therefore to gain more insight into the molecular basis of P. indica induced resistance, cDNA-AFLP (Amplified fragment length polymorphism) based transcript profiling was done to identify differentially expressed genes in P. indica-colonized tomato plants infected with Alternaria solani. Our results demonstrated that pre-colonization of tomato roots with P. indica systemically induced resistance against early blight. Transcript profiling of P. indica pre-colonized tomato plants revealed systemic modulation of several key components of signaling network transcriptional regulators including CBL-interacting protein kinase (CIPK), Mitogen activated protein kinases (MPKs), Lipid transfer proteins (LTPs), WRKY1, ethylene responsive transcription factors (ERF), and Jasmonate Zim Domain 1 (JAZ1), a negative regulator of jasmonic acid (JA) signaling. Expression of downstream defense related genes like Thaumatin-like protein, β-1, 3-glucanase and chitinases was also affected in leaves upon challenge inoculation with pathogen. Interestingly, P. indica pre-colonization alone was unable to induce transcript levels for most of the genes studied. However, pathogen attack on P. indica pre-colonized plants induced strong defense responses. In conclusion, P. indica induces transcriptome reprogramming in a manner that allows rapid and efficient activation of JA/ET (jasmonic acid/ethylene)-mediated basal defenses against pathogen infection by altering the expression of JA/ET related genes. P. indica colonization appears to potentiate the complete signal transduction cascade leading to the systemic expression of defense genes against foliar pathogens. It thus presents itself as a potential and sustainable method of activating multiple components of defense signaling thereby conveying durable horizontal defense against a range of pathogen
Il danno ossidativo polmonare : un nuovo target nella strategia terapeutica in pneumologia
No full textIn the last years the interest about stress in basic and clinical research is increased and its role in the pathogenesis of respiratory disease is strong. In particular is clearly as the oxidative stress must modulate the lung inflammation in many pathophysiological process in the lung: the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) ate the most important pulmonary diseases where this biological mechanism plays an important role. In each of these diseases the oxidative stress can modulate the lung molecular pattern and cellular activity inducing a morphological and functional defects. Many study has been published in the previous years about the effect of antioxidant drugs with the evidence that they reduce the damage induced by radical oxygen substances (ROS). Both in COPD, asthma and IPF, therapy with antioxidant drugs has been demonstrated efficacy to improve biological, molecular and functional parameters with a similar improvement in clinical features. However, the data published in literature represent an important evidence that justify clinical use of antioxidant drugs in respiratory diseases
Diffusive author(s), cohesive author: Analysis of S/N (1994)
No full textThis study indicates the ways in which various aspects of the author(s) are brought forth in Dumb type’s performance art, the S/N production. Previous research has suggested a non-hierarchical organization of Dumb type and the absence of a “privileged author” in Dumb type’s collaborative work, S/N. However, the results that I have investigated from member’s interviews on the creative process of S/N along with my analysis of the recorded images of S/N, indicate a different aspect of the author(s). First, S/N was created through, so to speak, the collective ideas of the members of Dumb type. Further, S/N has at least nine quotations from previous performances, installations, and printed writings, besides the work-in-progress technique. Explicating one of the “author functions” as given by Michel Foucault, each text has plural subjects of the author. However, it has been revealed from members’ interviews that Teiji Furuhashi had a decision-making role in selecting the members’ ideas within the performance. Since then, S/N has had plural subjects of creation; however, Furuhashi is one of the subjects of creation along with the “privileged author.” S/N has plural authors (diffusive authors) yet at the same time, it has a “privileged author,” Teiji Furuhashi (cohesive author)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Investigating the effect of dynamic laser beam oscillations in remote fusion cutting process
No full textThe latest research on laser beam fusion cutting has revealed significant improvements in process productivity and cut quality through the use of dynamic beam shaping techniques. While many studies have investigated dynamic beam shaping for proximity cutting, the influence of laser beam oscillations on the remote fusion cutting process remains unexplored. The present work aims to study the effect of dynamic beam shaping on the remote fusion cutting process through analytical modeling, experimental investigations, and in situ high-speed monitoring. Initially, an analytical model based on thermodynamic analysis was developed to assess the influence of circular oscillations on the process zone. This model facilitates the evaluation of process performance from an energetic perspective, providing an estimate of the maximum achievable cutting speed for the remote fusion cutting process across various operating conditions. A significant increment in process productivity could be achieved through beam oscillations. Furthermore, based on theoretical findings, the effect of circular laser beam oscillations superimposed on the processing feed direction was experimentally investigated using a 1 mm thick AISI304 stainless steel material. A 6 kW fiber laser was utilized, alongside a high-speed camera-based system for in situ process monitoring. The experimental results demonstrate a significant increase in the process productivity under dynamic beam shaping conditions, consistent with theoretical findings. Specifically, the maximum achievable cutting speed could be increased from 0.13 to 0.20 m/s. Furthermore, the cut quality of produced samples was evaluated in terms of kerf morphology and profile
A simple and quick method for loading proteins in extracellular vesicles
No full textExtracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate intercellular transport of biomolecular cargo in the body, making them promising delivery vehicles for bioactive compounds. Genetic engineering of producer cells has enabled encapsulation of therapeutic proteins in EVs. However, genetic engineering approaches can be expensive, time-consuming, and incompatible with certain EV sources, such as human plasma and bovine milk. The goal of this study was to develop a quick, versatile, and simple method for loading proteins in EVs post-isolation. Proteins, including CRISPR associated protein 9 (Cas9), were bound to cationic lipids that were further complexed with MDA-MB-231 cell-derived EVs through passive incubation. Size-exclusion chromatography was used to remove components that were not complexed with EVs. The ability of EVs to mediate intracellular delivery of proteins was compared to conventional methods, such as electroporation and commercial protein transfection reagents. The results indicate that EVs retain native features following protein-loading and obtain similar levels of intracellular protein delivery as conventional methods, but display less toxicity. This method opens up opportunities for rapid exploration of EVs for protein delivery
How the nozzle position affects the geometry of the melt pool in directed energy deposition process
No full textThis work deals with Directed Energy Deposition (DED) that is a process in which the material is delivered directly into the melt pool. Several kinds of nozzle have been developed and used in this process. However, the position of the nozzle, mainly for the lateral one, plays a crucial role in the geometry and porosity content of the melt pool. Therefore, to investigate the correlation between the lateral nozzle position and the geometry of the melt pool, three different sets of single tracks of Ti–6Al–4V were deposited at different nozzle positions. It was found that helpful information regarding the selection of the optimal position of the lateral nozzle can be obtained from the melt pool features. It can be noticed that by increasing the distance between the nozzle position and substrate, the powder capture decreases and accordingly results in a high depth of fusion zone and also keyhole defect formation
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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