1,721,033 research outputs found
Identification of confounder in epidemiologic data contaminated by measurement error in covariates
No full text2015-2016 > Academic research: refereed > Publication in refereed journalVersion of RecordPublishedC
Advanced Pollutant Monitoring Systems For Environmental Justice Communities
No full textBackground: Criteria pollutants are monitored in Philadelphia through monitors run by Air Management Services. The monitoring stations, however, cannot assess on a neighborhood level. The novel air monitoring system developed by the Drexel Electrical Engineering department features an inexpensive method for active particulate matter measurements. To date, the system has been implemented in three Philadelphia neighborhoods. Due to the versatility of the system, it is to be adapted or reconfigured to monitor air emissions at Marcellus Shale facilities. Methods: A theoretical framework was developed in order to improve the system beyond previous validation efforts, by conducting a series of laboratory and field trials in Port Richmond, Philadelphia. Efforts were made to adapt the system to monitor ambient air quality in new environmental justice communities that have formed as a result of Marcellus Shale operations. In addition to the framework, a study of available data was performed with the US EPA on three Marcellus Shale operations. Results: Prior deployments of the air monitoring system displayed that more testing and analysis was required to stand up to scrutiny. Data recovery and analysis for the three gas recovery operations provided limited information on the gas recovery facilities. Conclusions: Further validation tests are necessary for the Drexel Air Monitoring System to become a valid method for use in environmental justice neighborhoods and communities, and scientific advances in pollutant detection are necessary for low cost measurements to continue. More data must be released on Marcellus Shale gas recovery operations before risk assessments can be conducted.M.P.H., Public Health -- Drexel University, 201
How much ongoing smoking reduction is echoes of the initial mass education?
No full textThis is the first simulation model described in the text of the paper "How much ongoing smoking reduction is echoes of the initial mass education?" . The simulation needs to be run in Netlogo (https://ccl.northwestern.edu/netlogo/)Conflict of interest disclosure statement
This study was conducted as part of a wider programme of research being undertaken by the Centre of Research Excellence: Indigenous Sovereignty & Smoking. The funding for that programme of work was obtained following submission of a researcher-initiated application for a funding grant from the Foundation for a Smoke-Free World, Inc. ("FSFW"), a US non-profit 501(c)(3) private foundation. This study is, under the terms of the grant agreement with FSFW, editorially independent of FSFW. The contents, selection and presentation of facts, as well as any opinions expressed herein, are the sole responsibility of the authors and under no circumstances should they be regarded as reflecting the positions of FSFW. Neither the authors nor the Centre of Research Excellence: Indigenous Sovereignty & Smoking have any commercial interests in vaping, snus, oral nicotine or tobacco products. CVP has a corpus of past work that challenges specific claims that particular anti-smoking interventions are effective. During the course of his career, CVP has received research grants, salary, or consulting fees from almost everyone with a financial interest in the sale of tobacco products, including national and state/provincial governments of the U.S. and Canada, manufacturers of cigarettes, vaping, snus, and other tobacco products, pharmaceutical companies, and insurance companies, as well as advocacy organizations attempting to eliminate use of these products, advocacy organizations attempting to defend consumers' rights to choose these products, and publishers who focus on these products. His only such funding during his work on this project came from the aforementioned grant in support of this project. M.G. has, over 10 years ago, received fees from pharmaceutical companies for consultancy re cessation medicine
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
J Occup Environ Hyg
Full text linkWe demonstrate the regression analysis of exposure determinants using cross-classified random effects in the context of lead exposures resulting from blasting surfaces in advance of painting. We had three specific objectives for analysis of the lead data, and observed: (1) high within-worker variability in personal lead exposures, explaining 79% of variability; (2) that the lead concentration outside of half-mask respirators was 2.4-fold higher than inside supplied-air blasting helmets, suggesting that the exposure reduction by blasting helmets may be lower than expected by the Assigned Protection Factor; and (3) that lead concentrations at fixed area locations in containment were not associated with personal lead exposures. In addition, we found that, on average, lead exposures among workers performing blasting and other activities was 40% lower than among workers performing only blasting. In the process of obtaining these analyses objectives, we determined that the data were non-hierarchical: repeated exposure measurements were collected for a worker while the worker was a member of several groups, or cross-classified among groups. Since the worker is a member of multiple groups, the exposure data do not adhere to the traditionally assumed hierarchical structure. Forcing a hierarchical structure on these data led to similar within-group and between-group variability, but decreased precision in the estimate of effect of work activity on lead exposure. We hope hygienists and exposure assessors will consider non-hierarchical models in the design and analysis of exposure assessments.K01 OH010537/OH/NIOSH CDC HHS/United State
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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