308,334 research outputs found
Body and space: discovering the compositions of Paul Burman
No full textArticle 2 of 7 in an issue devoted to the visual culture of Poland and Eastern EuropePreviously in the University eprints HAIRST pilot service at http://eprints.st-andrews.ac.uk/archive/00000386/This article will discuss some aspects of Paul Burman's compositions. The creative endeavour of Paul Burman (1888-1934) belongs to the earliest period of Estonian art history. Born into a Baltic-German family, living mainly in Estonia, he received his art education in the Art Academies of Russia. Burman therefore belonged simultaneously to the Baltic-German, Estonian and Russian culture spheres and connected them in his art. Burman's creation reveals a complicated, many-faceted art concept. The article applies phenomenological and visual theories to Burman's work, discussing the role of body and space in his compositions of nude riders which develop from the creative imagination. Burman's compositions can be interpreted as an expression of an inner Ulysses, a constant wandering on horseback, passing through the rectangular space of the picture. The beholder is only witnessing a pause on this inner journey, painted with the suggestivity of a reverie.This issue was sponsored by The Sikorski Polish Club and the Scottish Polish Cultural Association.Postprin
The inclusive-exclusive distinction in Tibeto-Burman languages
No full textA survey of 170 Tibeto-Burman languages showed 69 with a distinction between inclusive and exclusive first-person plural pronouns, 18 of which also show inclusive- exclusive in Idual. Only the Kiranti languages and some Chin languages have inclusive-exclusive in the person marking. Of the forms of the pronouns involved in the inclusive-exclusive opposition, usually the exclusive form is less marked and historically prior to the inclusive form, and we find the distinction cannot be reconstructed to Proto-Tibeto-Burman or to mid level groupings. Qnly the Kiranti group has marking of the distinction that can be reconstructed to the proto level, and this is also reflected in the person-marking system
On nominal relational morphology in Tibeto-Burman
No full textFor this paper, 170 Tibeto-Burman languages were surveyed for nominal ease marking (adpositions), in an attempt to determine ifit would be possible to reeonstruet any ease markers to Proto· Tibeto-Burman, and in so doing leam more about the nature of the grammatieal organization of Proto-Tibeto-Burman. The data were also eross-cheeked for patterns of isomorphy/polysemy, to see ifwe can leam anything about the development ofthe forms we da find in the languages. The results of the survey indicate that although a11 Tibeto-Bunnan languages have developed some sort of relation marking, none of the markers ean be reconstrueted to the oldest stage of the family. Looking at the patterns of isomorphy or polysemy, we find there are regularities to the patterns we find, and on the basis of these regularities we can make assurne that the path of development most probably followed the markedness/prototypicality clines: the locative and ablative use would have arose first and then were extended to the more abstract cases
Emergent word tone in Kham: a Tibeto-Burman halfway house
No full textThe Tibeto-Burman languages of Southeast Asia have long been characterized as solidly monosyllabic. And rightly so. Words, phrases, and sentences consisted of phonologically discreet monosyllabic morphemes marching along to the cadence of one tone per syllable. On occasion, of course, questions were raised as to the efficacy of the traditional view. Tone sandhi with its polysyllabic government was found to occur here and there; and weak or unstressed syllables were swept into the orb of stronger ones so that tonal units encompassed more than a single syllable, and a purely syllabic prosody was not always possible (Bradley 1971, Lehman 1973). But from a diachronic point of view such languages were still monosyllabic and the steps could be reconstructed (or at least imagined), with a considerable degree of confidence, showing their evolution from their former "pure" state.Agri-Food and Veterinary Authority of Singapore (AVA)Published versio
On the change to verb-medial word order in proto-Chinese : evidence from Tibeto-Burman
No full textIn attempting to reconstruct the morphosyntax of Proto-Sino-Tibetan, one of the most basic questions to be answered is what was the unmarked word order of the proto-language? Chinese, Bai, and Karen are verb-medial languages, while all of the Tibeto-Burman languages except for Bai and Karen have verb-final word order. lf these languages are all related, as we can assume from lexical correspondences, then either Chinese, Bai and Karen changed from verb-final to verb-medial word order, or the other Tibeto-Burman languages changed trom verb-medial to verb-final order. How we answer the question of which languages changed their word would then give us the answer to the question of word order in Proto-Sino-Tibetan
The evolution of a Tibeto-Burman pronominal verb morphology: a case-study from Kham (Nepal)
No full textKham is a Tibeto-Burman language spoken in the Dhaulagiri and Rapti Zones of west-central Nepal by an estimated 30 or 40 thousand so-called "Magars" of the four northern subtribes--the Bhuda, Gharti, Pun, and Rokha. Their ethnic identity with the Magars may account in part for the reason why Kham was never mentioned in the early literature. To my knowledge, the only available descriptions of the language are written either by myself or in co-authorship with Nancy Watters, my wife.Published versio
Le gazettier menteur, ou Mr. le Clerc convaincu de mensonge & de calomnie
No full textpar Pierre BurmanDruckermark
'Fit to parent'? Psychology, knowledge and popular debate
No full textThis thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and awarded by the University of East London.This thesis examines the powerful appeals to psychology that are made in contemporary popular debate in Britain about parents. It focuses on the political implications of psychological discourse and the knowledge claims on which it rests. Using feminist and discourse theory, it critically examines psychological discourse, psychology as a knowledge practice, and considers the dilemmas of feminist knowledge production given the practices and relations it bolsters.
Constructions of mothers and fathers in parenting magazines and news-media images of lone mothers, lesbian mothers and ‘absent fathers’ are found to be profoundly gendered and conservative (hetero-gender normative) in spite of the rhetorical shift towards the gender-neutral discourse of ‘parents’. Gender essentialist and identity/status-bound understandings are most striking where people’s ‘fitness to parent’ is questioned, often implicitly, which suggests that such understandings are naturalised in representations of parents who are not problematised.
It is argued that the notion of ‘fitness to parent’, rather than contributing to discussion of parent-child relationships, obscures how impoverished popular debate is, because it has little ideological coherence despite its mobilisation of judgemental scrutiny and powerful condemnation. Ideas about ‘unfit’ parents do not, by exclusion, define a culturally ideal parent, but their implicit nature paves the way for common-sense appeals which deny their value-bases, reducing opportunities to challenge normative assumptions or superficial identity categories.
‘Second wave’ feminist analyses of family ideology are employed, but are criticised from a feminist post-structuralist perspective which highlights the limitations of ‘identity’ (for prematurely foreclosing understandings of subjectivity and desire), and of ‘social influence’ as a model of individual-society relation. A critique of identity politics is employed to highlight how parental identities deployed in popular debate are imbued with psychological presumptions, without necessarily referring to psychologically/emotionally meaningful qualities of relationships between parents and children. Instead, a relational, performative approach to thinking about parents, and a psychosocial approach for considering the politics of cultural discourses are advocated. An examination of recent social policy debates suggests that the former may be gaining in persuasive value and impact on policy.
Examining the authority of contemporary childrearing expertise suggests that arguments about parents are persuasive when they refer to psychological issues, whether or not they make explicit claims to expert knowledge. Paradoxically, as pop psychology becomes ubiquitous in Western cultures, the rising status attributed to the emotional realm can provide a means of contesting expert psychology, by undermining the valorisation of objectivity. However, the ‘psychologisation’ of contemporary social life reinforces psychology’s conceptual framework, which can, in turn, naturalise its conventional epistemology. This dilemma is explored in two spheres: feminist research and research with child participants. It is argued that feminists, and those critical of psychology’s modernist foundations, might employ their ‘expert’ warrant strategically in public debates about parents, but should also expose the politics of psychological knowledge. Similarly, despite theoretical limitations, identity politics might be put to good effect, such as to help children’s voices be heard today.
Finally, it is argued that, today, psychology is powerful, not only through experts or professionals, but as expertise, such that people draw on psychological discourses in their own reflexive projects of the self. Thus, psychological discourses, including implicit notions of fitness to parent, are implicated in the construction of contemporary parental subjectivities
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