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Izin suami sebagai syarat istri mencari nafkah di luar negeri Perspektif Maqasid Syariah Ibnu Asyur
Get PDFABSTRAK
Pada prinsipnya seluruh kebutuhan keluarga menjadi tanggungan suami, namun dengan berbagai sebab dan alasan yang ada pada zaman modern ini, tidak sedikit keluarga yang kebutuhannya terasa kurang mampu jika ditanggung oleh suami sendirian. Maka, banyak dari istri-istri yang dengan sukarela membantu mencukupi kebutuhan keluarga baik dengan cara mencari nafkah di dalam maupun di luar negeri. Dalam kajian fikih yang sudah diteliti oleh para ulama pada zaman dahulu lebih mengutamakan peran suami sebagai pencari nafkah utama dan istri berperan untuk merawat suami dan anak-anaknya.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami hukum mencari nafkah bagi istri di luar negeri dan hak suami untuk memberikan izin maupun melarang hal tersebut, berdasarkan sudut pandang hukum Islam dengan teori Maqasid Syariah Ibnu Asyur. Untuk memperjelas hukum mencari nafkah di luar negeri bagi perempuan tanpa didampingi mahram, sehingga dapat dijadikan sebagai tambahan informasi sekaligus rujukan bagi masyarakat yang ingin kedua hal tersebut.
Setelah melakukan proses penelitian yang dilakukan penulis dapat disimpulkan bahwa; 1) kewajiban memberi nafkah merupakan tanggungan suami, dan hal ini dalam teori maqasid syariah Ibnu Asyur sesuai dengan al maslahat al dharuriyat. 2) suami sebagai pemimpin rumah tangga berhak memberikan izin kepada istri untuk mencari nafkah, karena adanya larangan keluar rumah bagi perempuan dalam syariat bersifat himbauan bukan larangan pasti. 3) perempuan memiliki hak yang sama seperti laki-laki dalam hal mencari nafkah, tapi jika sudah berstatus menjadi istri maka ia harus meminta izin kepada suami karena jika tidak maka ia dianggap melakukan nusyuz. 4) hukum istri mencari nafkah di luar negeri dalam teori maqasid syariah Ibnu Asyur masuk dalam kategori al maslahat al tahsiniyat dan al maslahat al dzanniyat.
ABSTRACT
In principle, all of the family needs become husband's dependents, but with various reasons and reasons that exist in this modern age, not a few families whose needs feel less capable if borne by husband alone. So, many of the wives who volunteered to help meet the family needs well by making a living at home and abroad. In the fiqh study that has been examined by scholars in ancient times more prioritizing the role of the husband as the main breadwinner and wife plays a role in caring for his husband and children.
This study aims to understand the law of making a living for wives abroad and husband's rights to give permission or forbid this, based on the point of view of Islamic law with the theory of Maqasid Syariah Ibn Asyur. To clarify the law of making a living abroad for women without being accompanied by Mahram, so that it can be used as an additional information as well as references for the people who want both of these things.
After conducting the research process carried out by the author it can be concluded that; 1) The obligation to provide a living is a response to the husband, and this is in the theory of Maqasid Syariah Ibn Asyur according to Al Maslahat Al Dharuriyat. 2) Husband as a household leader has the right to give permission to the wife to make a living, because the prohibition of out of the house for women in the Shari'a is an appeal not for sure prohibitions. 3) Women have the same rights as men in terms of making a living, but if they have become a wife then he must ask permission to the husband because if not then he is considered doing nusyuz. 4) The law of the wife made a living abroad in the theory of Maqasid Syariah Ibn Asyur in the category of Al Maslahat Al Tahsiniyat and Al Maslahat Al Dzanniyat.
مستخلص البحث
من حيث المبدأ، أصبحت جميع احتياجات الأسرة مع اعتماد الزوج، ولكن بأسباب مختلفة وأسباب موجودة في هذا العصر الحديث، وليس بعض الأسر التي تشعر احتياجاتها بأنها أقل قدرة إذا قام بها الزوج وحدها. لذلك، فإن العديد من الزوجات الذين تطوعوا للمساعدة في تلبية الأسرة يحتاجون جيدا من خلال العيش في الداخل والخارج. في دراسة الفقه التي تم فحصها من قبل العلماء في العصور القديمة تحترم دور الزوج كما يلعب المعيل الرئيسي والزوجة دورا في رعاية زوجه وأطفاله.
تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى فهم قانون صنع العيش للزوجات في الخارج وحقوق الزوج في إعطاء إذن أو منع هذا، بناء على وجهة نظر الشريعة الإسلامية بنظرية مقصية الشريعية بن آشور. لتوضيح قانون صنع حي في الخارج للنساء دون أن يرافقه محرم، بحيث يمكن استخدامها كمعلومات إضافية بالإضافة إلى مراجع للأشخاص الذين يريدون كل من هذه الأشياء.
بعد إجراء عملية البحث المنفذة من قبل المؤلف، يمكن إبرام ذلك؛ 1) الالتزام بتقديم لقمة العيش هو استجابة للزوج، وهذا في نظرية مقاصد الشريعة ابن عاشور حسب المعوض الضرورية. 2) الزوج كزعيم أوسطية له الحق في تقديم إذن للزوجة لكسب العيش، لأن حظر خارج المنزل للنساء في الشريعة هو نداء ليس بالتأكيد المحظورات. 3) المرأة لديها نفس الحقوق مثل الرجال من حيث العيش، ولكن إذا أصبحوا زوجة، فيجب أن يطلب إذن من الزوج لأنه إذا لم يكن الأمر كذلك، فهو تعتبر ناشزة. 4) قدم قانون الزوجة معيشة في الخارج في نظرية مقاصد الشريعة ابن عاشور في فئة الموضة التحسنية والمصلحة الظنية
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