1,720,962 research outputs found
Juror Perceptions of Firearms Evidence
No full textJurors may be presented with complex forensic science evidence during a case. Jurors may struggle to understand this evidence and may rely on expert testimony to understand this evidence. In particular, jurors may interpret uncertainty in firearms conclusions differently than firearms examiners. This study aims to understand how mock jurors interpret firearms cartridge case comparison conclusions, particularly when the opinion rendered is inconclusive compared to cartridge cases that do not match. Participants (n=430) read a case summary and firearms expert testimony and were then asked to render a verdict and answer questions about the case. Participants were significantly more likely to reach a guilty verdict when the firearms expert rendered a conclusion of inconclusive compared to an elimination. The results of this research are expected to have broad impacts on admissibility decisions, defendant outcomes, and crime laboratory protocols. This research has the potential to significantly improve understanding regarding the probative value of forensic science
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Cancer Survivors\u27 Physical Activity Advice: A Guide For Assessment and Implementation for Nurses and Healthcare Workers
Get PDFBackground: Physical activity (PA) improves cancer-related symptoms (e.g., fatigue, sleep) in cancer survivors, although there is low adherence due to barriers. Cancer survivors are interested in participating in PA but healthcare providers feel they have inadequate knowledge in PA and lack guidance to provide PA support.
Purpose: Examine PA advice for cancer survivors and healthcare providers from cancer survivor interviews to understand cancer survivors’ PA and create an algorithm to help healthcare providers assess and provide PA advice to cancer survivors.
Method: Qualitative content analysis of twenty interviews with cancer survivors regarding PA.
Results: Cancer survivors advised health care providers to make PA a standard assessment, educate patient on PA benefits, provide motivation and support, and help them with an exercise plan. Cancer survivors advised other cancer survivors to prioritize PA, stay positive and encouraged, and get social support.
Discussion: An algorithm was created to assess PA and guide health care providers in promoting PA in cancer survivors
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Mitigating The Biasing Impact Of Emotions And Morality: Cognitive Training, Juror Emotionality, And Juror Decision-Making
Get PDFMITIGATING THE BIASING IMPACT OF EMOTIONS Previous research suggests that gruesome color photographs can induce high levels of emotion in jurors, which may detract from the probative value of trial evidence. Further, these gruesome photos may unduly increase conviction rates and punitiveness in jurors. The current study explored the impact of gruesome trial evidence (gruesome photos vs. non-gruesome images) and investigated possible interventions against the extralegal bias associated with such photos utilizing different methods of cognitive training (holistic, analytical, or control). In addition, the impact of jurors' disgust sensitivity and Moral Foundations Theory were examined in relation to juror decision-making. Analyses revealed that jurors' experiences of several emotions were related to verdict. The moral foundations and jurors' post-trial emotions were significantly correlated to case-related judgments. Further, evidence gruesomeness and the moral foundations were significantly associated with jurors' post-trial emotions
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