196,559 research outputs found
Religious Super-Diversity and Spatial Strategies in Two European Cities
No full textThe background to this article is the debate on cities as post-secular and superdiverse. The authors question that the concept of post-secular cities usefully sums up the complex processes currently characterizing religion in contemporary European cities. They propose that different historical memories are layered upon one another and they demonstrate how religious diversity and cities mutually shape one another. Based on empirical illustrations from research in Potsdam and Turin, the authors argue that cities affect religion by casting religious communities and their forms of sociality within particular spatial regimes and contributing to the territorialization of religious categories. Moreover, they state that religious groups shape cities by leaving durable architectural imprints on them. In particular, the article develops the notion of formations of religious super-diversity, which involves forms of religious belonging and identity that historically emerged through religious dissent and innovation, and shows that urban space is the iconic arena in which religious super-diversity becomes visible through the ways in which religious spatial strategies interact with cities’ spatial regimes. The authors identify three types of spatial strategies – place keeping, making and seeking – each of which expresses and responds to communities’ relationship to urban space in different ways. The typology is meant to serve as a tool to read complex processes taking into consideration both historical paths and contemporary religious formations
Globale Perspektiven
No full textLeisering L, Mayer-Ahuja N, Burchardt H-J, Eckert A. Globale Perspektiven. In: Busemeyer M, Ebbinghaus B, Leibfried S, Mayer-Ahuja N, Obinger H, Pfau-Effinger B, eds. Wohlfahrtspolitik im 21. Jahrhundert. Neue Wege der Forschung. Frankfurt a.M./New York: Campus; 2013: 177-187
New insights in the mechanics of sill emplacement provided by field observations of the Njardvik Sill, Northeast Iceland
No full textSills are concordant sheet-like bodies of magma. Their mechanics of emplacement is an important but still not fully understood topic. The well-exposed basaltic Njardvik Sill in the extinct Tertiary Dyrfjöll Volcano in Northeast Iceland offers exceptionally clear insights into the mechanism of sill emplacement. The sill is multiple and consists of at least 7 units (sills) all of which were emplaced along a sharp contact between a rhyolitic intrusion and adjacent basaltic lava flows. Each sill unit was supplied with magma from an inclined sheet. The contacts between the sheets and the sill units are very clear and show that the sill units are much thicker than their feeder sheets. Since the Njardvik Sill consists of separate units, it obviously did not evolve into a homogeneous magma body. Nevertheless, the abrupt change in dip and thickness from inclined sheets to horizontal sills at this particular locality indicates that the earlier sills were influencing the stress field in their vicinity during the subsequent sheet injections. The local stresses around the newly formed sill units forced each of the subsequently injected sheets to change into sills. The Njardvik Sill can be followed laterally in a coastal section for 140 m until it ends abruptly at a fault that cuts the sill. Using these field observations as a basis, a numerical model shows how an inclined sheet opens up the contact between the felsic intrusion and the basaltic lava pile, along which the sill emplacement takes place. The results suggest that sill emplacement is primarily the result of stress rotation at contacts between layers of contrasting mechanical properties. There, the orientation of the maximum principal compressive stress σ1 is horizontal. Hence, such contacts can represent interfaces along which sill emplacement is encouraged. Once a sill has been emplaced, it extends the stress field with a horizontal orientation of σ1. Consequently, inclined sheets and dykes injected near the sill will be deflected into sills. The injection frequency of further sill units controls if the sill can grow into a larger magma body by mixing of the newly supplied with the initially injected magma. In case of the Njardvik Sill, the injection frequency was low, so subsequently emplaced sill units can be distinguished
Figurational Change and Primeordialism in a Multicultural Society: A Model Explained on the Basis of the German Case.
No full textHüttermann J. Figurational Change and Primeordialism in a Multicultural Society: A Model Explained on the Basis of the German Case. In: Burchardt M, Michalowski I, eds. After Integration: Islam, Conviviality and Contentious Politics in Europe. Islam und Politik. Wiesbaden: Springer VS; 2015: 325
The Slaufrudalur pluton, southeast Iceland--An example of shallow magma emplacement by coupled cauldron subsidence and magmatic stoping
No full textThe Tertiary Slaufrudalur pluton is the largest granitic intrusion exposed in Iceland. Five glacial valleys cut through the uppermost 900 m of the pluton, exposing spectacular sections through its roof, walls, and interior. The wall contacts are subvertical and sharp. Only in the northeast and southwest is the wall contact characterized by brittle faulting. The pluton roof is smooth at map scale, so that the overall cross-sectional shape of the pluton and its internal layering indicate emplacement by incremental floor sinking through cauldron subsidence. A pronounced elongation of the pluton, parallel to the trend of regional fissure swarms, and its angular shape in map view indicate strong tectonic control on horizontal ring-fault propagation, whereas faulted wall contacts represent stepover structures between the earlier-formed ring faults. On outcrop scale, the roof contact exhibits numerous steps, faults, and apophyses associated with conjugate fracture sets that are parallel and perpendicular to the strike of the length of the pluton. These structures were presumably formed by sequential inflation and deflation of the pluton during episodic magma intrusion and therefore are closely coupled to cauldron subsidence. As a result of roof fracturing and magma injection along the fractures, roof material is found partly or completely detached within the granite. The Slaufrudalur pluton therefore provides new insight into the coupling of the emplacement mechanisms of cauldron subsidence and magmatic stoping in the upper crust
The politics of religious heritage: Framing claims to religion as culture in Spain
No full textThis article contributes to sociological theorizations of religion as heritage through analyzing the politics of religious heritage in Spain since its transition to democracy during the late 1970s. Our analysis is organized around three historical sequences of critical importance for understanding the political and legal significance of discourses that frame religion as cultural heritage in Spain: (1) negotiations that took place during Spain's democratic transition between 1977 and 1980; (2) discussions that surfaced in the context of the state's decision to recognize Islam, Protestantism, and Judaism in 1992; and (3) more recent debates regarding the incorporation of religious minorities in the context of increasing religious diversity, especially concerning places of worship. We show how framing “religion” using the language of cultural heritage has provided religious actors with a means of defending the connection between religion and national identity—and of protecting the privileges of majoritarian religious institutions without violating core tenets of secularism or pluralism. This scenario has created space for certain religious minorities to claim a place within Spain's evolving socioreligious landscape by invoking alternative heritages from Spain's multicultural past
The judicial politics of ‘burqa bans’ in Belgium and Spain – Socio-legal field dynamics and the standardization of justificatory repertoires
Full text linkOver the past decade, controversies over Islamic face veiling have become increasingly widespread in societies across Europe. This article comparatively explores the socio-legal dynamics of claims-making by proponents and opponents of prohibiting full-face coverings in Belgium and Spain. In Belgium, a federal ban of full-face coverings was adopted in July 2011 and, after intensive judicial struggles, received judicial validation by the Constitutional Court in 2012. In Spain, local burqa controversies led to municipal bans in the region of Catalonia in 2010, which were annulled by the Supreme Court in 2013 after effective legal counter-mobilizations. Our key argument is that, the diverging legal outcomes notwithstanding, as burqa controversies are transposed from locally embedded political fields to transnationally situated judicial fields the justificatory repertoires employed are increasingly standardized. It is this standardization of justificatory repertoires that, in the long run, has facilitated the rapid spread of ‘burqa bans’
Rhythmic properties of Sciaena umbra calls across space and time in the Mediterranean Sea.
Full text linkIn animals, the rhythmical properties of calls are known to be shaped by physical constraints and the necessity of conveying information. As a consequence, investigating rhythmical properties in relation to different environmental conditions can help to shed light on the relationship between environment and species behavior from an evolutionary perspective. Sciaena umbra (fam. Sciaenidae) male fish emit reproductive calls characterized by a simple isochronous, i.e., metronome-like rhythm (the so-called R-pattern). Here, S. umbra R-pattern rhythm properties were assessed and compared between four different sites located along the Mediterranean basin (Mallorca, Venice, Trieste, Crete); furthermore, for one location, two datasets collected 10 years apart were available. Recording sites differed in habitat types, vessel density and acoustic richness; despite this, S. umbra R-calls were isochronous across all locations. A degree of variability was found only when considering the beat frequency, which was temporally stable, but spatially variable, with the beat frequency being faster in one of the sites (Venice). Statistically, the beat frequency was found to be dependent on the season (i.e. month of recording) and potentially influenced by the presence of soniferous competitors and human-generated underwater noise. Overall, the general consistency in the measured rhythmical properties (isochrony and beat frequency) suggests their nature as a fitness-related trait in the context of the S. umbra reproductive behavior and calls for further evaluation as a communicative cue
A critical discussion of the electromagnetic radiation (EMR) method to determine stress orientations within the crust
No full textIn recent years, the electromagnetic radiation (EMR) method has been used to detect faults and to determine main horizontal stress directions from variations in intensities and directional properties of electromagnetic emissions, which are assumed to be generated during micro-cracking. Based on a large data set taken from an area of about 250 000 km<sup>2</sup> in Northern Germany, Denmark, and southern Sweden with repeated measurements at one location during a time span of about 1.5 yr, the method was systematically tested. Reproducible observations of temporary changes in the signal patterns, as well as a strongly concentric spatial pattern of the main directions of the magnetic component of the EMR point to very low frequency (VLF) transmitters as the main source and hence raise serious concerns about the applicability of the method to determine recent crustal stresses. We conclude that the EMR method, at its current stage of development, does not allow determination of the main horizontal stress directions
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