1,721,419 research outputs found
An overview of the ABC Repair System for Datalog-like Theories
Full text linkHumans are smart in revising their knowledge and concepts based on observations when they find conflicts. This ability to repair representations is also important for AI agents so that they can represent their environment correctly. This paper gives an overview of the domain-independent ABC system for repairing faulty logical theories by combining three existing techniques: abduction, belief revision and conceptual change. (A) Given an observation, represented as an assertion, and a current theory, abduction adds axioms, or deletes preconditions, which explain that observation by making the corresponding assertion derivable from the expanded theory. (B) Belief revision incorporates a new piece of information which conflicts with the input theory by either deleting old axioms or adding new preconditions to them. (C) Conceptual change uses the reformation algorithm for blocking unwanted proofs or unblocking wanted proofs. The former two techniques change an axiom as a whole, while reformation changes the language in which the theory is written. These three techniques are complementary so they are combined into one system: the ABC repair system, which is capable of repairing logical theories with better result than each individual technique alone and has been applied to applications in multiple domains. Datalog is used as ABC’s underlying logic of theories, but the proposed system has the potential to be adapted to theories in other logics
Repairing Numerical Equations in Analogically Blended Theories Using Reformation
Full text linkThe ABC system supports analogical abduction algorithms for knowledge transfer, e.g., existing logical rules are adapted, by reformation, into new rules by substituting symbols for similar ones. Although such knowledge transfer method can easily expand knowledge sets, it is likely to produce inconsistent knowledge, e.g., equations that do not fit target data in the real world. To solve this problem, we extend the classic reformation algorithm to repair numerical equations that violate target data. Equation reformation is achieved by weakening equation parameters when unblocking failed SLD-resolution proofs. The feasibility of numerical equation reformation is demonstrated by the automated repair of a faulty electrostatic force equation that is analogically transferred from the gravity equatio
Repairing Numerical Equations in Analogically Blended Theories Using Reformation
Full text linkThe ABC system supports analogical abduction algorithms for knowledge transfer, e.g., existing logical rules are adapted, by reformation, into new rules by substituting symbols for similar ones. Although such knowledge transfer method can easily expand knowledge sets, it is likely to produce inconsistent knowledge, e.g., equations that do not fit target data in the real world. To solve this problem, we extend the classic reformation algorithm to repair numerical equations that violate target data. Equation reformation is achieved by weakening equation parameters when unblocking failed SLD-resolution proofs. The feasibility of numerical equation reformation is demonstrated by the automated repair of a faulty electrostatic force equation that is analogically transferred from the gravity equatio
Integrating Paraphrasing into the FRANK QA System
Full text linkWe present a study into the ability of paraphrase generation to increase the variety of natural language queries that the Frank Query Answering system can answer. We choose an English-French backtranslation model to generate paraphrases, which we test using a small challenge dataset. We conclude that this method is not useful for improving the variety of natural language queries that Frank can answer. Based on our observations, we recommend future work in the following directions: (1) allowing the ability to specify a form to paraphrase an input into; (2) constrained paraphrasing to avoid loss of information about query intent; and (3) the need for an automatic evaluation metric which captures semantic similarity, allows syntactic variation, and rewards preservation of query intent
Integrating Paraphrasing into the FRANK QA System
Full text linkWe present a study into the ability of paraphrase generation to increase the variety of natural language queries that the Frank Query Answering system can answer. We choose an English-French backtranslation model to generate paraphrases, which we test using a small challenge dataset. We conclude that this method is not useful for improving the variety of natural language queries that Frank can answer. Based on our observations, we recommend future work in the following directions: (1) allowing the ability to specify a form to paraphrase an input into; (2) constrained paraphrasing to avoid loss of information about query intent; and (3) the need for an automatic evaluation metric which captures semantic similarity, allows syntactic variation, and rewards preservation of query intent
Standards, Curriculum and learning: implications for professional development
No full textAs higher education continues to evolve in step with new approaches to learning and teaching, so, too, is the role of the academic teaching librarian changing as they seek to develop, devise and implement systems and strategies which foster embedded learning of information literacy in the curriculum. \ud
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Comprehensive “curricula infusion‿ demands systemic and systematic change in the design and delivery of core curricula to ensure that the mastery of information literacy concepts and skills occurs in a sequential, hierarchical and developmental manner. In order to inform and lead systemic change, the academic librarian now needs to demonstrate a breadth and depth of knowledge and understanding across a broad range of educational and strategic arenas, including "learning theory, assessment and evaluation, pedagogical realignment, course reform, policy development and strategic planning, university-wide organisational infrastructure, print and online learning resources, teaching and learning partnerships and staff development‿. In addition, to facilitate quality outcomes and to work in effective collaborative partnership with academic colleagues, the academic teaching librarian must also be able to “deliver‿ in terms of teaching skills and learning facilitation.\ud
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Only when these librarians are equipped with the specialist knowledge and skills they require to fully engage with, and be integrated into, the learning and teaching processes of an organisation will conditions exist which support and foster a systemic process which enables and empowers students “as critical and independent users of information by embedding information literacy skills, as an “emerging skill‿ and key generic capability, into the whole learning experience.
Proof Planning
Full text linkWe describe proof planning, a technique for the global control of search in automatic theorem proving. A proof plan captures the common patterns of reasoning in a family of similar proofs and is used to guide the search for new proofs in this family. Proof plans are very similar to the plans constructed by plan formation techniques. Some differences are the nonpersistence of objects in the mathematical domain, the absence of goal interaction in mathematics, the high degree of generality of proof plans, the use of a metalogic to describe preconditions in proof planning and the use of annotations in formulae to guide search
The Paradox of the Case Study
No full textOne of the advantages cited for case study research is its uniqueness, its capacity for understanding complexity in particular contexts. A corresponding disadvantage often cited is the difficulty of generalising from the single case. Such an observation assumes a polarity and stems from a particular view of research. Looked at differently, from within a holistic perspective and direct perception, there is no disjunction. What we have is a paradox, which if acknowledged and explored in depth, yields both unique and universal understanding. This paper revisits this problem in case study research. It argues that, with the pressure for quantification and the growth of multi‐site case study design in policy research, the original vision and utility of case study for understanding complex educational phenomena has been clouded and thereby an opportunity diminished for new ways of knowin
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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