1,720,953 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Reinterpreting the organizing principles of sex determination and gonadogenesis in the mouse
No full textThe mouse gonad begins its development as a bipotential primordia, capable of developing into a testis or ovary depending on the presence of the sex-determining gene, Sry. In the XY gonad, opposing pro-testis and pro-ovary pathways compete in gonadal supporting cells. While the individual cellular decision process is well understood, the higher-level process of coordination of cell fates across the gonad remains to be explained. The testis and ovary exhibit distinct patterns of differentiation, suggesting that either development of each organ requires a particular organizing principle or bipotentiality requires regional separation for fate specification or stabilization. The overall goal of this work is to improve characterizations of the spatiotemporal features of sex determination and gonadogenesis, including cell fate organization, morphogenic processes, and system context.Though several hypotheses have connected gonad morphogenesis to sex determination, the morphogenic processes that occur in the gonad have not been sufficiently characterized for formulating testable hypotheses. To capture and analyze the complexity of genital ridge morphogenesis, we generated a 3-dimensional time course of gonad development in native form and context using whole embryo tissue clearing and light sheet microscopy. Analysis revealed that the early gonad exhibits anterior-to-posterior patterns as well as increased rates of growth, rotation, and separation in the central domain. In extending characterization to the neighboring nephric ducts, we found a close alignment of gonad and mesonephric duct movements as well as delayed duct development in Cbx2 mutants, which undergo XY sex reversal and gonad dysgenesis. These data support mechanical integration of gonad and mesonephric duct morphogenesis.
In investigating the mechanisms underlying the center-to-pole pattern of testis differentiation, we performed anteroposterior axis analyses and ex vivo gonad reconstruction cultures. These experiments allowed us to rule out two commonly accepted theories in the field: paracrine relay and center-first Sry expression. After searching for patterns in other cellular processes during gonadogenesis, including cell cycle arrest and coelomic epithelium proliferation, we uncovered a center-biased pattern of supporting cell precursor ingression. The updated model indicates that differences between the patterns of differentiation in the testis and ovary are due to features of their respective regulatory networks connecting their fate dynamics to different general gonadal organizing principles acting upstream of supporting cell differentiation.
Following recent work on the rete testis and rete ovarii suggesting these structures contribute to gonadal supporting cell populations, we characterized early development of the rete and adjacent tissues in both sexes. Comparison of the GATA4+/PAX8+ presumptive rete with mesonephric and gonadal cells led to the identification of undescribed patterns in mesonephros development which may play a role in sexual dimorphism of the rete. Cells of the rete may derive from mesonephric condensates in a process similar to kidney nephron development. Cell cycle analysis revealed the mesonephric tubules and early rete to be a largely non-proliferating population of cells, suggesting expansion through recruitment of new cells. These results were used to establish preliminary theories for lineage relationships in early urogenital development. Initial attempts at lineage tracing to test the theory were unsuccessful.
The findings presented here contribute to a more comprehensive and systems level understanding of sex determination and gonad development. In particular, the incorporation of high-resolution spatial information into theories of sex determination serves to connect individual cell fate decisions to organ level patterns of differentiation in space and time. These results will be useful for novel hypothesis generation as well as for designing more detailed models and simulations of sex determination and gonadogenesis.</p
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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