1,720,976 research outputs found
In vitro investigation of the deformation of different retainer wires under force
No full textAmaç: Sabit pekiştirme apareylerinin deformasyonları sonucunda, klinik olarak çeşitli istenmeyen diş hareketleri meydana gelebilmektedir. Çalışmamızda farklı yapı ve özellik gösteren sabit pekiştirme tellerinde, kuvvet etkisi sonucu meydana gelen deformasyon miktarı ve şeklinin üç boyutlu tarayıcılar kullanılarak ölçülmesi ve ölçümlerin tel tiplerine göre karşılaştırılması hedeflenmiştir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Twist Flex 0.175 (American Orthodontics, Sheboygan, ABD), Bond-a-braid (Reliance Orthodontic Products, Itasca, ABD) ve NiTi Retainer (Beijing SmartTechnology, Beijing, Çin) tipindeki üç farklı pekiştirme telinden oluşan üç grupta 10’ar adet örnek oluşturulmuştur. Bu örnekler 3SHAPE TRIOS 3 (3Shape, Kopenhag, Danimarka) tarayıcı ile deformasyon öncesinde iki defa, deformasyon sonrasında ise bir defa dijital olarak taranmış ve bu örnekler eş şartlarda kuvvet baskısı altında üniversal test cihazı (Autograph AGS-J, Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japonya) ile deforme edilmişlerdir. Deformasyon sonrası tekrar taranan örneklerin tarama görüntüleri bilgisayar ortamına aktarılmış, GOM Inspect (GOM Software 2018 Hotfix 6, Braunschweig, Almanya) programı kullanılarak çakıştırılmış ve örneklerde meydana gelen deformasyonlar dijital olarak ölçülmüştür. Bu deformasyonlar lineer ve açısal olarak ölçülmüştür. Lineer ölçüm A, B ve C, örneklerdeki objenin uç noktalarındaki üç nokta arasındaki lineer mesafedir. Açısal ölçümler de üçe ayrılmaktadır. Telde meydana gelen torsiyonu Açısal Ölçüm TORK, kuvvet yönünde meydana gelen deformasyonu Açısal Ölçüm Fd ve kuvvetin doğrultusuna dik yöndeki deformasyonu ise Açısal Ölçüm Fp ortaya koymaktadır. Bulgular: Lineer Ölçüm A, B ve C’ye göre en fazla deformasyon Flexible Spiral Wire tipinde olan Twist Flex 0.0175” telinde meydana gelmiştir. Gruplar kendi aralarında değerlendirildiğinde dead wire tipinde bir retainer teli olan Bond-a-braid ile flexible spiral wire tipinde bir tel olan Twist Flex 0.0175” arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark gözlenmiştir. (p<0.05)
Açısal Ölçüm TORK değerlerine göre saptanan değerler, metot hatası da göz önünde bulundurulduğunda, klinikte gözlemlenen komplikasyonlara bir açıklama getirmek için yeterli bulunmamıştır. Gruplar kendi aralarında karşılaştırıldığında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark gözlenmemiştir (p>0.05).
Açısal Ölçüm Fd’a göre en fazla deformasyon Twist Flex 0.0175’de meydana gelmiştir. Twist Flex 0.0175” ile Bond-a-Braid grubu karşılaştırıldığında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark mevcuttur (p<0.05).
Açısal Ölçüm Fp ölçümüne göre gruplar kendi aralarında kıyaslandığında, istatistiksel anlamda bir fark görülmemiştir. Sonuç: Farklı pekiştirme teli malzemelerinin, kuvvet uygulanmasının ardından meydana gelen deformasyonları arasında belirgin bir fark mevcuttur. Bond-a-Braid tipindeki pekiştirme teli en az, Twist Flex 0.0175” tipindeki tel en fazla deformasyon göstermiştir. Buna rağmen elde ettiğimiz bulgular tek başına klinikte karşılaştığımız tüm komplikasyonları açıklamaya yeterli değildir. Vida etkisi teorisi de bu komplikasyonların anlaşılması için değerlendirilmelidir.Objective: During the usage of fixed retainers, there are some unexpected complications of fixed retainers which can be seen in the literature. Teeth tend to move suddenly, without any fractures or deboning seen on the retainer, after a long time passed from the end of active orthodontic treatment. Researchers are having a trouble when explaining these complications with scientific proofs. In our research we investigate the deformation of different retainer wires after force application.
Materials and Methods: Twist Flex 0.175 (American Orthodontics, Sheboygan, USA), Bond-a-braid (Reliance Orthodontic Products, Itasca, USA) and NiTi Retainer (Beijing SmartTechnology, Beijing, China) wires are examined. 30 samples were constructed, 10 in each group, to examine the structural properties and deformation of retainer wires. A special deformation mechanism was developed and all samples were deformed with universal testing machine. Three 3D scans were taken for each sample with TRIOS 3 (3Shape, Kopenhagen, Denmark), two before the deformation process and one after the deformation process. The .stl files from the scans were taken and measurements were made on them by using GOM Inspect (GOM Software 2018 Hotfix 6, Braunschweig, Germany). Three linear and three angular measurements were made to calculate the deformation amount of the samples. Total of three different points on the tips of the object are selected. Linear measurements are calculated with the function of; distance between two points (Linear Measurements A, B, C). Angular measurements are describing the torsion on the wire (Angular Measurements Torque), the displacement of the wire in the direction of force (Angular Measurements Fd) and the displacement of the wire perpendicular to the direction of force (Angular Measurements Fp).
Results: All linear measurements are the lowest in Bond-a-Braid group, followed by NiTi retainer group and then Twist Flex 0.175 group. All linear measurements have statistically significance between Twist Flex 0.175 and Bond-a-braid group (p<0.05). Angular Measurements Torque and Angular Measurements Fp is not clinically significant. Angular Measurements Fd has the lowest value in Bond-a-Braid group, followed by NiTi retainer group then Twist Flex 0.175 group and the values are statistically significant between Twist Flex 0.175 and Bond-a-Braid group (p<0.05). Conclusion: The deformation caused by force application on the wire are not the same in different type of wires. Bond-a-Braid showed the lowest and Twist Flex 0.175 showed the highest deformation value. However some complications cannot be explained with these deformations. The screw effect theory must be examined to understand these unexpected complications
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
- …
