1,720,956 research outputs found
Survey and Analysis of Onion Marketing in Toke Kutaye District, West Shewa Zone, Oromia National Regional State, Ethiopia
No full textConstraints and Opportunities of Maize, Teff and Wheat Production: The Case of Ambo s and Toke Kuttaye Districts, West Showa Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia
Full text linkIn Ethiopia, agriculture accounts for about 85% of the working forces, 90% of exports and 50% of the total gross domestic product (GDP). Agriculture is the main stay of the country. The study was initiated with the objective of Assessments of constraints and Opportunities of Maize,Teff and wheat production. The study used multi stage random sampling techniques. At first stage, from the existing districts in West Shawa Zone, two districts were selected based on their relative importance with respect to staple food crop production potential and their accessibility purposively. At the second stage, Six PAs, was selected randomly by random sampling method. At the third stage, probability proportional’s to size (PPS) were used to select respondents for interview. Accordingly a sample of 180 house hold heads was selected for interview. The major constraints of the study area were found to be: Crop worm and disease, Price problem, lack of inputs (chemicals, Fertilizers, Seed, etc.,). Lack of appropriate threshing facilities and storage facilities, high post harvest losses, lack of farming oxen, lack of rural credits, lack of education and lack of rural feeder roads. Major opportunities of the study area were found to be, availability of irrigable land, availability of fertile land, availability of motivated and hard working farmers, location of the districts for agricultural marketing’s and good weather condition. Policies, plans and programs should target this rural community. The construction of rural feeder roads, either, mechanization of the farming sector or provision of sufficient farming oxen is indispensible, provision of rural education programs are required, policy makers should focus in provisions of rural credit facilities with reasonable interest rates, crop worms and diseases should be controlled, price for inputs and outputs should be intervened. Keywords: Constraints, Opportunities, Rural households, Rural Credits, Modern Technologie
Determinants of Market Participation and Financial Profitability of Smallholder Dairy Farming: The Case of Bako Tibe, West Showa, Ethiopia
No full textEthiopiaʼs economy primarily depends on agriculture. The sector is dominantly run by smallholder farmers and contributes to about 50%
of GDP and provides employment for about 83% of the total population. Dairy farming agriculture is considered important for stimulating
growth, economic development, food security and poverty reduction. As a remedy, this study was initiated with the objectives of
determining factors affecting dairy market participation and financial profitability of dairy farmers in Bako Tibe. Data came from the survey
of dairy producing households and from secondary sources such as District Agricultural Office, Bako Agricultural and Mechanization
Research Centres and the like. Maximum likelihood estimation procedure such as logit model was employed in identifying factors affecting
decision to sell dairy products, tobit model was used in investigating factors affecting decision on volume of dairy sales. Total revenue
less total variable costs and OLS were used in examining financial profitability of the dairy farmers. Results show that farm householdʼs
market participation decision is affected by household demographic and socio-economic characteristics and transaction costs represented
by distance to market and urban centers. Volume sale of dairy is affected by intellectual capital, transaction cost represented by distance
to district capital and markets. Financial profitability is affected by distance from market, extension visit, education level of the household
head, number of milking cows owned and family size. The results suggest that production and marketable surplus should be improved
through introduction of improved technologies and adequate marketing infrastructure like roads and transport facilities should be
established between rural and urban areas in the district to support enhanced market participation. With the aim of reducing transactions
cost adequate marketing link should be established between the rural producer and urban consumer through institutional arrangements
such as dairy cooperatives. Relaxing the criteria required in obtaining bank and micro credit and forming a well functioning urban and
rural financial system would enable resource poor farm households to participate in dairy market and improve its supply of dairy products
to the urban consumers
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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