1,721,147 research outputs found
Mental health from a life-course perspective: The transition from school to work
Get PDFAdolescents suffering from mental health problems are at risk of dropping out from high school without a basic educational level (BEL) or to be in NEET (Neither in Education, Employment nor Training), and when having entered the labor market in adulthood, to be unemployed and earn lower wages. This may seem obvious but conclusive evidence lacks. Therefore, this thesis aims to determine the impact of mental health problems from childhood to young adulthood on the school-to-work transition from a life course perspective. We used data of the Dutch TRacking Adolescents’ Lives Survey (TRAILS) and of the Danish Vestliv study, both prospective cohort studies. Young adults with a history of externalizing problems were at risk of reaching only a low level of educational attainment. Regarding the school-to-work transition, these young adults were also more likely to be at work without a BEL or to be in NEET. Young adults with a history of internalizing problems had poor labor market participation and reported poorer employment conditions and psychosocial work characteristics (like few possibilities for development and low job satisfaction). These results imply that mental health problems should be detected and treated early in life (i.e., in childhood and early adolescence). To improve the transition into the labor market for young adults with mental health problems, collaboration between schools, youth health care services, employers and occupational health care services is important. For future research, longer follow-up is needed to examine the long-term consequences of early mental health problems regarding employment and work outcomes
Common mental disorders: Prediction of sickness absence durations and recurrences
Get PDFPsychological disorders cause a considerable proportion of long-term sickness absence and constitute the most significant reason for disability pensions of employees under 55 years of age. Knowledge of the risk factors will help occupational physicians to initiate treatments and interventions at an early stage thereby preventing long term sickness absence. Risk factors predicting long-term sickness absence (>3 months) include being aged over 50, a high educational level, experiencing depression and a lot of symptoms. Because of the risk of recurrent sickness absence due to psychological disorders guidance should not stop after return to work. 28% of the employees will have a recurrent sickness absence usually within 12 months. In case of employees over 55 years of age mostly within 4 months. Furthermore, employees who are absent due to a psychological disorder are at greater risk of losing their job: 18% of those employees go on to lose their job within 5 years, compared to 9% of employees without sickness absence due to psychological disorders. The most important reason for losing their job was poor work functioning. Due to the risk of recurrent sickness absence due to psychological illness and the probability of dismissal, the guidance offered to staff should not cease upon full reintegration. It will be desirable to monitor the employee’s psychological health and work performance, e.g. by means of preventive appointments or medical examinations
Obesity and Depression: An Intertwined Public Health Challenge
Get PDFObesity and depression are widespread public health problems. Both problems often coexist, and can affect an individual’s health and productivity. We examine in this thesis the prospective association between obesity and depression, and their separate and combined effects on work and health outcomes. We found that obesity and depression are inter-related, and the combined effect of obesity and depression on work and health outcomes is fairly larger than that of either condition alone, which implies that obesity and depression reinforce each others effects. The economic costs associated with obesity and depression are high; both the direct costs in terms of health care use (such as physician visits and hospitalizations); and the indirect costs, in terms of long-term sickness absence and work performance impairment. In our study, we clearly showed that persons with obesity and depression use more health care resources than persons with obesity alone or depression alone. This suggests that the co-occurrence of the conditions has major direct implications on costs of healthcare and may explain some of the observed increases in total healthcare costs. We also showed that persons with obesity and depression have a higher work performance impairment than those persons with obesity or depression alone. This suggests that obesity and depression indeed reinforce each others effects, which may substantially increase societal costs in terms of poor work productivity and well-being. Intervening on obesity may be more beneficial for individuals with major depression than for those without major depression regarding the risk of adverse work and health outcomes
Quality of life, work, and social participation among individuals with spinal cord injury
Get PDFSpinal cord injury (SCI) refers to damage of the spinal cord due to trauma or disease that can cause paralysis and secondary health problems. The aim of this thesis is to explore how people with SCI perceive their quality of life (QOL), whether they are capable to work and participate in social activities and how long it takes to return to work. A qualitative study performed in Indonesia showed that, for Indonesian people with SCI, QOL is equal to being able to participate, having social support, having relationship with God, being independent and accepting the condition. This study also showed that desired levels of work and social participation were out of reach, because these people encountered significant hurdles such as inaccessible environment and stigma. A survey study performed in the Netherlands showed that five years after hospitalization, almost half of the people with SCI were able to return to work, especially those with higher education and better functional status. However, a longitudinal analysis of work participation during these five years, revealed that only 20% of these people with SCI showed a relatively fast and sustained return to work trajectory.Addressing gaps in participation of people with SCI requires long-term, multifaceted and comprehensive approaches depending on the existing health and social welfare system. As participation in work and community life are almost universally regarded as important for QOL, future research should address intervention strategies on these aspects to improve participation and hence QOL
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Physiological and psychosocial occupational exposures and intermediate health outcomes in the general population
Get PDFIn this large general working population-based thesis, we observed that pesticides is the most potent occupational exposure that may impair lung function and may increase the risk to develop respiratory symptoms and airway obstruction. Metals exposure may increase the prevalence of sickness absence among workers. Experiencing high job strain and high effort-reward imbalance in the workplace may increase blood pressure. Future studies should consider to include a detailed job history to detect the health effects of occupational exposures over the life course. In addition, future research should focus on the causal associations between occupational exposures and health effects through genetic and epigenetic analyses. The results of these future studies may point towards future preventive and therapeutic measures. Targeted preventive measures should be implemented to protect workers from exposure to pesticides and its components, metals, job strain, and effort-reward imbalance to ensure healthy working lives
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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