1,721,031 research outputs found
CKD and hospitalization in the elderly: a community-based cohort study in the United Kingdom
No full textBackground: we previously have shown that chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with cardiovascularand all-cause mortality in community-dwelling people 75 years and older. The present study addresses thehypothesis that CKD is associated with a higher rate of hospital admission at an older age.Study Design: cohort study.Setting & Participants: 15,336 participants from 53 UK general practices underwent comprehensive healthassessment between 1994 and 1999.Predictor: data for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR, derived from creatinine levels using the CKDEpidemiology Collaboration [CKD-EPI] study equation) and dipstick proteinuria were available for 12,371participants.Outcomes: hospital admissions collected from hospital discharge letters for 2 years after assessment.Measurements: Age, sex, cardiovascular risk factors, possible biochemical and health consequences ofkidney disease (hemoglobin, phosphate, and albumin levels; physical and mental health problems).Results: 2,310 (17%) participants had 1 hospital admission, and 981 (7%) had 2 or more. After adjusting forage, sex, and cardiovascular risk factors, HRs were 1.66 (95% CI, 1.21-2.27), 1.17 (95% CI, 0.95-1.43), 1.08(95% CI, 0.90-1.30), and 1.11 (95% CI, 0.91-1.35) for eGFRs ?30, 30-44, 45-59, and ?75 mL/min/1.73 m2,respectively, compared with eGFRs of 60-74 mL/min/1.73 m2 for hospitalizations during ?6 months offollow-up. HRs were weaker for follow-up of 6-18 months. Dipstick-positive proteinuria was associated with anincreased HR throughout follow-up (HR, 1.29 [95% CI, 1.11-1.49], adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors).Dipstick-positive proteinuria and eGFR ?30 mL/min/1.73 m2 were independently associated with 2 or morehospital admissions during the 2-year follow-up. Adjustment for other health factors and laboratory measurementsattenuated the effect of eGFR, but not the effect of proteinuria.Limitations: follow-up limited to 2 years, selection bias due to nonparticipation in study, missing data forpotential covariates, and single noncalibrated measurements from multiple laboratories.Conclusions: the study indicates that community-dwelling older people who have dipstick-positive proteinuriaand/or eGFR ?30 mL/min/1.73 m2 are at increased risk of hospitalization
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
CKD and mortality risk in older people: a community-based population study in the United Kingdom
No full textBackground: the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) increases with age; however, theprognostic significance in older people is uncertain. This study aims to determine the association of CKDwith all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in community-dwelling older people 75 years and older.Study Design: Cohort study of people 75 years and older recruited in 1994 to 1999 to 1 arm of a trialof multidimensional health assessment with mortality follow-up.Setting & Participants: 53 general practices in Great Britain. 15,336 (73%) of those eligibleparticipated. 13,177 (86%) had serum creatinine measured at baseline.Main Factor: estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).Outcomes: All-cause and cardiovascular mortality.Measurements: eGFR derived from serum creatinine level using the 4-variable Modification of Diet inRenal Disease (MDRD) Study equation in milliliters per minute per 1.73 m2; dipstick proteinuria.Mortality by linkage to national death registration and death certification.Results: after a median follow-up of 7.3 years (interquartile range, 5.0), 7,633 (58%) had died, 42% ofcardiovascular causes. In the first 2 years of follow-up, adjusted hazard ratios for all-cause mortality ineGFR bands of 45 to 59, 30 to 44, and less than 30 compared with eGFR greater than 60 mL/min/1.73m2 were 1.13 (95% confidence interval, 0.93 to 1.37), 1.69 (95% confidence interval, 1.26 to 2.28), and3.87 (95% confidence interval, 2.78 to 5.38) in men and 1.14 (95% confidence interval, 0.93 to 1.40),1.33 (95% confidence interval, 1.06 to 1.68), and 2.44 (95% confidence interval, 1.68 to 3.56) in women,respectively. Hazard ratios were greater for cardiovascular mortality and lower after 2 years. Dipstickproteinuria was independently associated with all-cause, but not cardiovascular, mortality risk in bothsexes.Limitations: single serum creatinine measurement, no calibration of serum creatinine, MDRD Studyequation not validated in older people.Conclusion: As kidney function decreases, there is a graded and independent increase in all-causeand cardiovascular mortality risk in older people 75 years and older, especially in men and those witheGFR less than 45 mL/min/1.73 m2. Dipstick proteinuria did not add to cardiovascular mortality risk inthis elderly population. In older people, identification and management of CKD should prioritize thesmaller numbers with more severe CKD
Impairment of kidney function and reduced quality-of-life in older people: a cross-sectional study
No full textObjective: to assess the association of kidney function with quality-of-life in community-dwelling older adults aged 75 years or more in the UK.Design: cross-sectional study.Setting: primary care; 12 UK general practices participating in a cluster trial of health screening.Subjects: estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m2) using the four-variable modified diet in renal disease equation was derived in 1,195 men and 1,772 women with available bloods, these were 92% of 3,211 study participants who consented to interviews and 73% of those invited into the original cluster trial of health screening.Main outcome measures: interviews by trained fieldworker using the Sickness Impact Profile (home management, mobility, self-care, social interaction), and the Philadelphia Geriatric Morale Scale. Higher scores imply worse quality-of-life in a given domain.Results: in age- and co-morbidity-adjusted analyses there was an association of eGFR <45 and the highest scores (defined as ?median) of mobility (men: odds ratio (OR) 2.91, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.56–5.41; women: OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.02–2.94), home management (men: OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.09–2.04; women: OR 3.50, 95% CI 1.18–10.35), social interaction (men: OR 3.34, 95% CI 1.73–6.45; women: 2.64, 95% CI 1.61–4.33) when compared with those with eGFR ?60 and who reported no problems. Men with eGFR <45 had low morale (OR 2.45, 95% CI 1.02–5.87) but this was not found for women (OR 1.40, 95% CI 0.65–3.04), whereas women (but not men) with eGFR <45 reported problems with body care (women: OR 1.68; 95% CI 1.25–2.27: men: OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.55–1.46).Conclusions: an eGFR <45 is associated with poorer quality-of-life at older age. More research is needed to identify modifiable causes to improve quality-of-life in older people with such a degree of kidney function impairmen
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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