171,366 research outputs found
[Bula, 1584-01-06]
No full textTratase do Auto que da o Nuncio Apostólico á Orden de Santiago para que se garde e respete a Bula.Texto datado en la Villa de Madrid á 10 de julio de 1624.Só a Bula está en latín, o demais en castelan.Sign. : A-C\p2\sÓ final do texto aparece unha greca, gravado xilográfic
KERUSAKAN RUAS JALAN BANGGOI–BULA KABUPATEN SERAM BAGIAN TIMUR
No full textAbstract
The condition of the Banggoi-Bula Road, in Eastern Seram Regency, is experiencing sinking damage, longitu-dinal cracks, and crocodile cracks. The aim of this research is to analyze the type and level of damage, design culverts, and determine the thickness of the pavement on the Banggoi-Bula Road Section. Determining the type of damage was carried out using the Pavement Condition Index method, culvert design using hydrological analysis, while determining the thickness of flexible pavement was carried out using the Pavement Design Manual 2017 method. After reviewing the condition of the road pavement surface that occurred on the Banggoi-Bula Road Section, it was concluded that the road damage conditions observed were at a moderate to very poor level. The culverts on this road section are designed to be 1.5 m wide and 1.8 m high. From the results of the road pavement analysis, the pavement design for the Banggoi-Bula Road Section was obtained, using a flexible type of pavement, with an AC-WC surface layer thickness of 40 mm, an AC-BC layer thickness of 60 mm, and the thickness of the class A foundation layer is 400 mm. Keywords: road; road damage; Pavement Condition Index; flexible pavement; culverts
Abstrak
Kondisi jalan pada Ruas Jalan Banggoi-Bula di Kabupaten Seram Bagian Timur mengalami kerusakan amblas, retak memanjang, dan retak kulit buaya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis jenis dan tingkat kerusakan, merancang gorong-gorong, dan menentukan tebal perkerasan pada Ruas Jalan Banggoi-Bula tersebut. Penentuan jenis-jenis kerusakan dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Pavement Condition Index, perancangan gorong-gorong menggunakan analisis hidrologi, sedangkan penentuan tebal perkerasan lentur dilakukan dengan meng-gunakan metode Manual Desain Perkerasan 2017. Setelah melakukan tinjauan kondisi permukaan perkerasan jalan yang terjadi pada Ruas Jalan Banggoi-Bula, disimpulkan bahwa kondisi kerusakan di jalan yang diamati berada pada Tingkat Kerusakan sedang sampai dengan sangat buruk. Gorong-gorong di ruas jalan ini dirancang dengan lebar 1,5 m dan tinggi 1,8 m. Dari hasil analisis terhadap perkerasan jalan, didapat suatu desain perke-rasan untuk Ruas Jalan Banggoi-Bula, menggunakan jenis perkerasan lentur, dengan tebal lapis permukaan AC-WC 40 mm, tebal lapis AC-BC 60 mm, dan tebal lapis fondasi kelas A 400 mm.
Kata-kata kunci: jalan; kerusakan jalan; Pavement Condition Index; perkerasan lentur; gorong-goron
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Evaluation of ultrafiltration process for the valorization of phytonutrients in crude palm oil (E. oleifera × E. guineensis) for food application
No full textilustraciones, diagramas, fotografías, tablasLas deficiencias por micronutrientes, en especial por vitamina A, son frecuentes en algunas regiones del país y del mundo, especialmente durante la primera infancia donde una carencia de esta vitamina genera las tasas más altas de enfermedades y mortalidad en esta población. De acuerdo con la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) y los resultados de la última Encuesta Nacional de Situación Nutricional (ENSIN), se estima que diariamente se requiere una ingesta de 300 µg y 800 µg equivalente en retinol (ER) de este micronutriente en población infantil y adultos, respectivamente. Este requerimiento no necesariamente logra cumplirse principalmente por los problemas de seguridad alimentaria que limitan el acceso a alimentos en donde este micronutriente se encuentra de manera natural. El aceite de palma crudo (E. oleifera x E. guineensis) es una de las fuentes vegetales con mayor aporte de fitonutrientes con actividad biológica, como carotenoides provitamina A y vitamina E. En consecuencia, esta materia prima se constituye como un valioso recurso nutricional, sobre todo, por su alta disponibilidad debido al actual posicionamiento del país como mayor productor de aceite de palma en América y el cuarto en mundo. Debido a las preferencias de los consumidores, el aceite de palma crudo se somete a un proceso de refinación, donde se retiran en mayor medida estos fitonutrientes beneficiosos. Para brindar una solución a este problema, a través de esta investigación se estudió un método alternativo para el aprovechar estos nutrientes, en este caso, a través del proceso de ultrafiltración con membranas poliméricas como una metodología verde que permite realizar el desgomado del aceite, conservando la concentración inicial de fitonutrientes y retirando parte de los compuestos que pueden generar sabores residuales desagradables en el aceite como los fosfátidos. De esta manera, habría mayor oportunidad para emplear el aceite de palma crudo dentro de la formulación de alimentos funcionales. Para desarrollar esta investigación, se realizó primeramente un muestreo de aceite de palma crudo O×G en tres plantas de beneficio de fruto, las cuales fueron caracterizadas químicamente con relación a la concentración de carotenoides, tocoferoles (Tocs) y tocotrienoles (T3s), obteniéndose aceites con rangos entre 604,12±3,85 mg/kg - 865,63 ±14,96 mg/kg de carotenoides totales y entre 381,36±3,92 mg/kg – 835,62±8,65 mg/kg de Tocs and T3s, permitiendo seleccionar la muestra con mayor contenido de estos compuestos y que posteriormente pudiera ser empleada para ensayos de ultrafiltración en donde se determinaron las condiciones adecuadas de desgomado empleando dos materiales de membrana: polietersulfona (PES) y fluoruro de polivinileno (PVDF) considerando como factores la presión transmembranaria (PTM) y la temperatura. Una vez obtenidas estas condiciones, se realizó un estudio de estabilidad del permeado de ultrafiltración (UF) frente al aceite de palma crudo (APC) como control. Una vez conocida la estabilidad de esta matriz oleosa, se realizó un acercamiento a posibles usos del UF través del desarrollo de un alimento horneado, mostrando una retención del 93,27±0,37% de los carotenoides y del 99,99±0,00% de Tocs y T3s posterior al horneado. Esta investigación fue el resultado del trabajo en conjunto entre plantas extractoras de aceite, destacadas por su producción de aceite crudo de palma O×G, la Corporación Centro de Investigación en Palma de Aceite – Cenipalma, Fedepalma y el Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos (ICTA) de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, logrando de esta manera, obtener inicialmente a escala laboratorio, en grado de madurez tecnológica-TRL4, el desarrollo de una estrategia innovadora que podría abrir a futuro una alternativa para la obtención de líneas de proceso en el gremio palmicultor para el aprovechamiento de los fitonutrientes de alto valor del aceite de palma crudo O×G (Texto tomado de la fuente).Micronutrient deficiencies, especially in vitamin A, are common in certain regions of the country and the world, particularly during early childhood, where a deficiency of this vitamin leads to the highest rates of disease and mortality in this population. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) and the results of the latest Encuesta de Situación Nutricional (ENSIN), a daily intake of 300 µg and 800 µg equivalent in retinol (RE) of this micronutrient is estimated to be required in children and adults, respectively. This requirement is not met due to food security issues that limit access to foods where this micronutrient is naturally found. Crude palm oil (E. oleifera×E. guineensis) is one of the natural sources with high contribution of phytonutrients with biological activity, such as provitamin A carotenoids and vitamin E. Consequently, this raw material constitutes a valuable nutritional resource, especially due to its high availability resulting from the country's current position as the largest palm oil producer in the Americas and the fourth largest in the world. Due to consumer preferences, crude palm oil undergoes a refining process, where these beneficial phytonutrients are removed. To address this problem, this research studied an alternative method to harness these nutrients, in this case, through the ultrafiltration process using polymeric membranes that allows degumming the oil, preserving the initial concentration of phytonutrients while it is removing compounds that generate off-flavors in the oil such as phospholipids. This would provide greater opportunity to use crude palm oil in the formulation of functional foods. The aim of this research was sampling O×G crude oil in three palm oil mill plant, which were chemically characterized in terms of carotenoid concentration, tocopherols (Tocs), and tocotrienols (T3s), obtaining oils with ranges between 604,12±3,85 mg/kg - 865,63 ±14,96 mg/kg of total carotenoids and between 381,36±3,92 mg/kg – 835,62±8,65 mg/kg of Tocs and T3s. These results allowed to selected the sample with the highest content of these compounds which was subsequently used for ultrafiltration trials where the appropriate degumming conditions were determined evaluating two membrane materials: polyethersulfone (PES) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), considering factors such as transmembrane pressure (TMP) and temperature. Once these conditions were obtained, a stability study of the ultrafiltration (UF) permeate against crude palm oil (CPO) as control was conducted. Once the stability of this oily matrix was known, an approach to uses of UF was made through the development of a baked food, showing a retention of 93.27±0.37% of carotenoids and 99.99±0.00% of Tocs and T3s after baking. This research was the result of collaborative work between oil extraction plants, with high production of O×G crude palm oil, the Colombian Oil Research Center – Cenipalma, the National Federation of Oil Palm Growers (Fedepalma), and the Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos (ICTA) of the Universidad Nacional de Colombia, thus achieving initially at a laboratory scale, (Technology Readiness level - TRL4), the development of an innovative strategy that could potentially open up an alternative for obtaining process lines in the palm growers' guild for the utilization of the high-value phytonutrients from crude palm oil O×G.Universidad Nacional de Colombia, sede Bogotá a través de la Convocatoria UN Innova: Convocatoria de Proyectos para el Fortalecimiento de la Innovación en la Universidad Nacional de Colombia a partir del Desarrollo de Prototipos y Experiencias Piloto 2019-2021 (segunda cohorte) (Código del proyecto: 53539) y contrapartida de la Corporación Centro de Investigación en Palma de Aceite - CenipalmaUniversidad Nacional de Colombia, a través de la Convocatoria de financiación parcial de proyectos de tesis de doctorado y maestría de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, sede Bogotá (Código del Proyecto: 49641)DoctoradoDoctor en Ciencia y Tecnología de AlimentosCiencia y Tecnología de Productos Agroalimentario
Analysis of Damage to Banggoi-Bula Road Section Eastern Seram District
No full textConditions on the Banggoi-Bula Road, Eastern Seram Regency. Suffering from sinking damage, longitudinal cracks and crocodile skin. And the road was widened from the direction of the village of Jakarta Baru to the city of Bula, because the contour of the road was very extreme. The aim of this research is to analyze the type and level of damage, plan the culverts at STA 44+645, 45+400, 45+350 and determine the thickness of the pavement layer on the Banggoi-Bula Road section. The research can determine the type of damage on the Banggoi – Bula STA 43+350 and STA 25+213-25+800 roads loaded using the PCI method, determine the thickness of flexible pavement on the Banggoi-Bula Road section using the 2017 Pavement Design Manual method, and determine planning culverts on the Banggoi- Bula Road. After observing the condition of the road pavement surface that occurred on the Banggoi-Bula Road section, the types of damage were subsidence, longitudinal cracks and crocodile skin cracks. on the Jakarta Baru-Bula Road section starting from STA 43+350, 25+213-25+800 after averaging segment 1 at 20% Very bad level of damage (very bad), segment 2 PCI value at 53% Moderate level of damage (fair), and the PCI segment 3 value is 47%. The level of damage is moderate (fair), so the level of damage is bad so that appropriate handling is based on the 2017 Bina Marga method, which is included in the regular maintenance program. From the research results, the dimensions of the culvert channels at STA 44+645, 45+400, and 45+350 were found to be 1.5 m/sec, with a discharge of 4.0187. and from the results of the flexible pavement research analysis, the traffic value on the planned lane is 769,688.64 or 0.76 million ESA5, the thickness of the AC-WC surface layer is 40 mm, the thickness of the AC-BC layer is 60 mm and the thickness of the class A foundation layer is 400 mm
Mitomycin C in highly myopic eyes - Author reply
No full textOphthalmology. 2005 Feb;112(2):208-18; discussion 219.
Mitomycin C modulation of corneal wound healing after photorefractive keratectomy in highly myopic eyes.
Gambato C, Ghirlando A, Moretto E, Busato F, Midena E.
SourceRefractive Surgery Service and Antimetabolite Therapy Research Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To evaluate the role of topical mitomycin C in corneal wound healing (CWH) after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in highly myopic eyes.
DESIGN: Prospective, double-masked, randomized clinical trial.
PARTICIPANTS: Seventy-two eyes of 36 patients affected by high (>7 diopters) myopia.
METHODS: In each patient, one eye was randomly assigned to PRK with intraoperative topical 0.02% mitomycin C application, and the fellow eye was treated with a placebo. Postoperatively, mitomycin C-treated eyes received artificial tears (3 times daily, tapered in 3 months), whereas the fellow eye was treated with fluorometholone sodium 2% and artificial tears (3 times daily, tapered in 3 months).
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), contrast sensitivity, manifest refraction, and biomicroscopy. Contrast sensitivity was determined using the Pelli-Robson chart. Corneal confocal microscopy documented CWH.
RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 18 months (range, 12-36). No side effects or toxic effects were documented. At 12-month follow-up examination, UCVAs (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution) were 0.4+/-0.48 and 0.5+/-0.53 (P = .03) in mitomycin C-treated eyes and corticosteroid-treated eyes, respectively. At 1 year, corneal haze developed in 20% of corticosteroid-treated eyes, versus 0% of mitomycin C-treated eyes. At 12, 24, and 36 months, corneal confocal microscopy showed activated keratocytes and extracellular matrix significantly more evident in untreated eyes (Ps = 0.004, 0.024, and 0.046, respectively).
CONCLUSION: Topical intraoperative application of 0.02% mitomycin C can reduce haze formation in highly myopic eyes undergoing PRK.
Comment in
Ophthalmology. 2006 Feb;113(2):357; author reply 357-8
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Ecnomina bula Cartwright 2008, sp. nov.
No full textEcnomina bula sp. nov. Figs 135–137, 187 Diagnosis. Ecnomina bula is distinguished from others in the group by the apices of the fused inferior appendages, which in ventral view are narrowly separated by a V-shaped notch. Description. Head, body and wings brown, abdomen paler ventrally; wings similar to E. legula (Fig. 3). Forewing length about 3.0–3.1 times width: male 3.5–4.3 mm; female 3.9–4.4. Forewing fork 2 relatively long, sessile, length about 1.3–1.4 times length of fork 3; fork 3 relatively long, with short footstalk, fork about 4 times length footstalk, footstalk length about 1.3–1.4 times length cross-vein m, r-m and m nearly contiguous at fork 3, r-m and m separated by about 0.8–1.0 times length of cross-vein m; fork 4 shorter than fork 3; fork 5 long, length about twice length of fork 4. Hindwing length about 3.3–3.4 times width, fork 2 sessile, length about 1.8 times length of fork 3. Male. Tergum X membranous, fused basally, with two pairs of dorsal processes, a robust mesal pair and a slender pair laterally (Fig. 137), a ventral process also present. Superior appendages in lateral view, robust, broad basally, tapered in distal half, length about twice width (Fig. 135); in dorsal view, length about 3 times width, with several spines in distal third, dilated slightly distally (Fig. 137). Phallus with slightly down turned ventral process and dorsal process apically (Fig. 135). Inferior appendages short, fused basally, dorso-ventrally flattened; in ventral view, length about same as width, broad basally, rounded baso-laterally, excised slightly disto-laterally, with apices narrowly separated by small V-shaped notch (Fig. 136); in lateral view, relatively slender, tapered slightly distally (Fig. 135). Female. Genitalia with a single short, robust mesal process, slightly truncate apically, on sternite VIII; segment IX relatively long, tapered slightly distally, segment X relatively short and segments IX and X relatively slender (Fig. 187). Holotype male: New South Wales, Wallagaraugh R., Princes Hwy bridge (about 37°23'S, 149°42'E), 29 Jan 1975, A.N. (NMV, T-19788). Paratypes: New South Wales. 5 males (specimen CT-427 figured), 2 females (specimen CT-548 figured), collected with holotype (NMV). Other material examined: New South Wales. 1 male, 10 km NW of Lithgow, 21 Dec 1977, A.N.; 1 male, U. Kangaroo Valley, 24 Nov 1960, E.F. Riek (ANIC); 1 female, same loc. and coll., 26 Mar 1961 (ANIC). Victoria. 1 female, Wingan R., 8 km S of Princes Hwy, 30 Jan 1975, A.N.; 1 male, 10 females, Brodribb R., Sardine Ck track, 10 Feb 1980, Wells and McNamara; 1 male, Reedy Ck, E. Gippsland, 6 Feb 1961, N.D.; 10 males, Cabbage Tree Ck, 8 Feb 1961, N. Dobrotworsky (ANIC); 2 females, Wentworth R., E of Dargo, 37°25'S, 147°25'E, 8 Feb 1981, J.Blyth; 1 male, Tyers R., site 22, 24 Feb 1974, LRE Survey; 1 male, 3 females, Tyers R. on Yallourn N-Tyers Rd, 38°8.9'S, 145°26.7'E, 12 Nov 1980, Latrobe C Survey; 1 male, Tanjil R., 4 km N of Moe, 18 Feb 1973, collector?, 1 female, Tanjil R. on Moe-Gooding Rd, 38°8.4'S, 146°15.9'E, 6 Feb 1980, Latrobe C Survey; 1 male, Strathbogie, 23 Jan 1956, A.N; 1 male, Murrindal, 6 Jan 1967, E.H.S. Etymology. Bula - New South Wales Aboriginal word for two (apices of inferior appendages). Remarks. Ecnomina bula has been collected from south-eastern New South Wales and the eastern half of Victoria (latitudinal range 33°28'- 38°8.9'S).Published as part of Cartwright, David I., 2008, A review of the Australian species of Ecnomina Kimmins and Daternomina Neboiss (Trichoptera: Ecnomidae), pp. 1-76 in Zootaxa 1774 (1) on pages 59-60, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1774.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/512413
A Multi-Language Comparison of Influences on Author Verification using Character N-Grams
No full textWe create a new multi-language corpus for author verification based on Wikipedia talkpages, and evaluate the influence that differences in topic and time have on character n-gram author profiles. Topic alignment between two texts is found to increase author verification precision, and an authors writing style is found to change over time, but not more significantly after 3 years than after 1 year.Information ArchitectureWISElectrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Scienc
<b>Estudo da bula de medicamentos: uma análise da situação</b>
No full text<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; text-align: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"> Estudo desenvolvido na cidade de Araraquara-SP-Brasil, onde foram entrevistadas 1829 pessoas, moradores de 42 bairros, selecionadas aleatoriamente. Foram feitas perguntas acerca da utilização de medicamentos tais como, os itens mais lidos na bula, dificuldades encontradas na leitura da bula, etc. A entrevista foi realizada em duas etapas, a primeira quando em vigor a Portaria 110/97, a segunda, após a vigência da RDC 140/ 03, sendo que dos 1829 entrevistados, 1597 relataram estar fazendo uso de algum medicamento. Em ambas as etapas do trabalho, os resultados referentes às bulas foram semelhantes quanto ao tamanho reduzido da letra, a linguagem muito científica e a excessiva quantidade de informações utilizadas constituíram os fatores que dificultam sua leitura. Este trabalho, mostra que é necessário disponibilizar informações mais simples que permitam ao paciente vislumbrar a importância do conhecimento destas informações, estando apto a detectar problemas advindos do uso e sua imediata solução. Adiciona-se a isto a contribuição que traz para avaliação, se as bulas elaboradas conforme a RDC140/03 passarão a servir como fonte de informação e orientação do paciente, promovendo o uso racional do medicamento ou, se as bulas passarão apenas a apresentar uma nova formatação, mas com manutenção de fatores que prejudicam o seu entendimento e utilização. Palavras-chave: bula de medicamentos; medicamentos; uso de medicamentos. </p>
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