1,720,972 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Plant-soil interaction and soil carbon turnover across geochemical and topographic gradients in African tropical montane forests
Full text linkTropical forests play a central role in global carbon (C) cycles due to the high exchange rate of carbon between plants, soil, and the atmosphere. Nutrient availability in tropical forest systems controls these exchanges via their impact on tree growth, carbon productivity, and stocks. Research shows that local edaphic factors such as soil parent material and topography codetermine nutrient availability. However, the process knowledge of how tropical forests respond to changes in nutrients, the chemistry of the local parent material and topography, and the effect this has on C cycling between plants, soils, and the atmosphere remains unclear. This gap in knowledge obstructs the mechanistic understanding of the controls of C cycling in tropical forest systems. Furthermore, data for African tropical forests are scarce, as most research has focused mainly on Amazon and South Asia. This thesis tried to answer these questions and provided directions on where future research can focus.
This thesis is based on both experimental (field and laboratory) and observational studies at different sites in the Eastern Congo Basin and along the Albertine Rift Valley System. It has three major parts: (a) nutrient uptake and distribution in the canopy of African tropical forests, (b) C stocks, Net Primary Productivity (NPP), and NPP C allocation between plant compartments, and (c) soil potential heterotrophic respiration (SPR) and soil organic carbon (SOC) turnover rate in forests developed along geochemical and topographic gradients. Specifically, the thesis focused on three contrasting geochemical regions (mafic magmatic, felsic metamorphic, and a mixture of sedimentary rock but distinct from mafic and felsic. Throughout the thesis, the three regions are referred to as “mafic”, “felsic”, and “sedimentary).
Chapter 2 assessed canopy chemistry of 344 samples collected from different tree species growing on different parent materials and topographic positions. The data shows that tropical forest canopy chemistry shifts significantly when local soils and parent material geochemistry indicate fertility constraints, mainly due to low amounts of rock-derived nutrients. In contrast, topography did not affect canopy chemistry in the three investigated geochemical regions.
Chapter 3 assessed the effects that soil parent material and topography as drivers of soil fertility have on forest NPP, C allocation, and biomass C stocks and how they relate to SOC stocks. Here a combination of two years monitoring of vegetation growth and soil geochemical properties measurements were used. The thesis found that soil fertility parameters reflecting the local parent material are the main drivers of NPP and C allocation patterns in tropical montane forests, resulting in significant differences in below to aboveground biomass ratio across geochemical regions. Topography did not constrain the variability in C allocation and NPP. Furthermore, SOC stocks showed no relation to C input in tropical forests. Instead, plant C input seemingly exceeded the maximum potential of these soils to stabilize C.
Chapter 4 assessed potential heterotrophic soil respiration and SOC turnover via lab-based incubation experiments. Here, depth explicit SPR and Δ14C of samples originating from the three geochemical regions and topographic positions were measured under constant temperature and moisture conditions. The results revealed distinct patterns in soil respiration with soil depth and parent material geochemistry. The topographic origin of the samples was not the main determinant of the observed respiration rates and Δ14C. However, in situ soil hydrological conditions likely influence soil C turnover by inhibiting decomposition in valley subsoils.
Overall, the results of this thesis demonstrate that, even in deeply weathered tropical soils, parent material has a long-lasting effect on soil geochemistry that can affect (1) nutrient availability, and uptake, (2) NPP, and C allocation, ultimately affecting differently above and belowground biomass, (3) microbial activity, the size of subsoil C stocks and the turnover rate of C in soil. Therefore, soil parent material and its control on soil chemistry need to be taken into account to predict C fluxes and to understand C cycling in African old-growth tropical forest systems
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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