1,720,958 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
TOWARDS FIELD PLANT DIAGNOSTICS MINIMALLY INVASIVE SENSING PLATFORMS FOR EARLY DETECTION OF CROP STRESS AND YIELD OPTIMIZATION
No full textPlant diseases cause annual losses of 10-16% of the global harvests, which has an equivalent value of $220 billion USD.[1] Limiting these losses necessitates the proactive and sustained use of strict phyto-sanitary and remediation measures. This can incur a large burden on stakeholders. For instance, under these guidelines, in Saudi Arabia alone, approximately 4.3 million trees had to be treated to contain a variety of plant diseases.[2] Plants have developed a wide array of adaptations to biotic and abiotic stressors. The onset of stress can trigger a rapid cascade of signaling molecules that modulate the plant's response to the stressor. Relying on the phenotypic changes that occur post-stress does not leave an adequate time window for intervention prior to disease spread or commercial losses.[3] However, by monitoring the physiological levels of the plant’s signaling molecules, early diagnosis may be facilitated. Tracking the spatio-temporal dynamics of plant hormones, secondary messengers, and bio-impedance can facilitate the timely detection and diagnosis of plant stress. As these biomarkers are conserved across different species of plants, this approach is species-agnostic. Minimally invasive electrochemical sensors can be used to interrogate the levels of these markers due to their electroactive nature. Salicylic acid (SA) is an ideal target as its associated with pathogen infection.[3
Minimally Invasive Platforms for Profiling Coral Reefs Associated Microorganisms
No full textThe extracellular calcification medium (ECM) of corals plays a crucial role in controlling the architecture of the calcium carbonate-based skeleton. The ECM is sandwiched between the skeleton and the epithelium and has a thickness that varies between a few nanometers to micrometers. Despite its importance in mediating the environmental resilience of corals, the majority of the studies conducted on the ECM are centered on characterizing its pH and ECM carbonate chemistry. While these parameters are crucial, they leave out the role of potential microbial colonies that may be present in the ECM. As the ECM is largely inaccessible, addressing this question has been difficult. To that end, we present an integrated microneedle device for the extraction of microbes from the ECM. The device is equipped with microneedle electrodes of varying shank heights that can simultaneously penetrate the coral tissue and identify ECM by way of in situ pH measurement. The microneedles are equipped with an open-side microfluidic channel for the extraction of the microbes and subsequent identification. Herein, we demonstrate the mechanical ability of the device to penetrate the Fungia and Bubble corals and determine the in vivo pH level of depths starting from 300 ?m up to 2 mm
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Platforms for Monitoring and Remediation of Crops for Precision Farming
No full textPrecision farming (PF) has emerged as a transformative approach to optimizing agricultural practices by integrating real-time monitoring and targeted interventions. This thesis presents the development of plant-integrated sensing and delivery platforms that seek to enhance the efficiency, sustainability, and adaptability of modern agriculture. The work primarily focuses on the design and application of minimally invasive microneedle (MN)-based sensors for real-time plant health assessment, as well as phyto-injector systems for targeted agrochemical and genetic cargo delivery. These technologies offer novel solutions to longstanding challenges in crop monitoring and disease management. The MN-based sensors developed in this thesis provide a direct interface with plant tissues, enabling the continuous detection of key phytohormones and stress biomarkers such as salicylic acid (SA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). By employing electrochemical and impedimetric sensing techniques, this platform achieves high sensitivity and specificity in monitoring physiological changes, allowing for early disease detection and precision treatment strategies. The incorporation of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) further enhances the selectivity of these sensors, paving the way for broader applications in plant metabolomics. Additionally, this thesis introduces a phyto-injector system designed to facilitate the localized and controlled release of bioactive compounds. This platform provides a scalable and tunable method for agrochemical application and genetic modification, reducing environmental contamination and improving treatment efficacy. The phyto-injector’s validation using Agrobacterium-mediated transient gene expression demonstrates its potential for applications in plant biotechnology and stress adaptation research. The results of this work highlight the potential of integrating advanced sensing and delivery systems into PF frameworks, potentially improving resource efficiency and agricultural resilience. These advancements offer scalable and field-deployable solutions that can enhance yield predictions, reduce agrochemical dependency, and support sustainable farming practices. Future advancements in wireless connectivity and data integration will further extend the impact of these platforms to realize the potential of PF. This thesis, therefore, contributes a step toward the widespread adoption of precision-based plant monitoring and remediation technologies
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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