68 research outputs found
GHRC: NASAs Hazardous Weather Distributed Active Archive Center
No full textThe Global Hydrology Resource Center (GHRC; ghrc.nsstc.nasa.gov) is one of NASA's twelve Distributed Active Archive Centers responsible for providing access to NASA's Earth science data to users worldwide. Each of NASA's twelve DAACs focuses on a specific science discipline within Earth science, provides data stewardship services and supports its research community's needs. Established in 1991 as the Marshall Space Flight Center DAAC and renamed GHRC in 1997, the data center's original mission focused on the global hydrologic cycle. However, over the years, data holdings, tools and expertise of GHRC have gradually shifted. In 2014, a User Working Group (UWG) was established to review GHRC capabilities and provide recommendations to make GHRC more responsive to the research community's evolving needs. The UWG recommended an update to the GHRC mission, as well as a strategic plan to move in the new direction. After a careful and detailed analysis of GHRC's capabilities, research community needs and the existing data landscape, a new mission statement for GHRC has been crafted: to provide a comprehensive active archive of both data and knowledge augmentation services with a focus on hazardous weather, its governing dynamical and physical processes, and associated applications. Within this broad mandate, GHRC will focus on lightning, tropical cyclones and storm-induced hazards through integrated collections of satellite, airborne, and in-situ data sets. The new mission was adopted at the recent 2015 UWG meeting. GHRC will retain its current name until such time as it has built substantial data holdings aligned with the new mission
From Tape Reels to Global Access: A History and Future Vision of NASA's Scientific Data Management
No full textAbstract Since its creation in the late 1950s, NASA has collected space science data and information that span astrophysics, Earth science, planetary science, heliophysics, and biological and physical sciences. While these data were critical to NASA's objective of expanding human knowledge of space, the early days of scientific data and information management were characterized by a fragmented and under‐resourced approach. Information management practices typically lacked standardization, comprehensive archival routines, and adequate funding. This paper reviews NASA's scientific data management journey, from its early, inefficient stages to its current status as a widely adopted process focused on open access. By systematically reviewing a series of National Academy of Science reports and other relevant white papers from the early 1980s to the present, this study identifies common themes and persistent challenges related to the scientific data management lifecycle, data accessibility and reusability, advancing technology trends, and policy and collaboration. The paper highlights significant improvements in data management at NASA, including data standardization, infrastructure development, and the adoption of open data policies. Finally, the paper considers the future of scientific data management at NASA, emphasizing the need for holistic knowledge assimilation, faster integration processes, and the critical role of scientific data stewardship in the age of artificial intelligence
Mindiac: Mindfulness for the Sustainability Professional
No full textabstract: In recent years, contemplative discourse has guided fields as diverse as psychology, medicine, and spiritual practice. With sustainability’s emergence as a caring profession, we believe mindfulness can contribute to the conversation. Exercises that develop skills such as active listening, preventative self-care, and self-awareness are explored through the five facets of mindfulness: non-reactivity, observing, acting with awareness, describing, and non-judging of experience (Baer, Smith, Hopkins, Krietmeyer, & Toney, 2006). Thus, we have created an online publication called Mindiac that utilizes the five facets of mindfulness to help sustainability professionals develop and refine intangible skills that will help them solve sustainability problems. Through interviews, framework identification, research, and online publishing software, fifteen articles on mindfulness were created. The six-part publication will equip sustainability professionals with tools to navigate complex situations in applied settings
Mining Dark Information Resources to Develop New Informatics Capabilities to Support Science
No full textNo abstract availabl
Metadata Scoring through the Lens of the Common Framework for Earth-Observation Data
No full textThis presentation was given at the Earth Science Information Partners (ESIP) Winter Meeting held in Bethesda, MD in January 2020.</div
A review of pre-appointment medications to reduce fear and anxiety in dogs and cats at veterinary visits.
No full textThis review focuses on pre-appointment medications used to decrease fear and anxiety in dogs and cats related to veterinary visits. A review of the literature revealed data on 4 medications from 4 medication classes that have been used to ameliorate acute situational fear and anxiety in dogs and cats: gabapentin, trazodone, oral transmucosal dexmedetomidine, and alprazolam. The available information on use, mechanism of action, and pharmacokinetics is reviewed.journal articlereview2021 09importe
The effect of feeding frequency and alternative proteins in milk replacer on growing Holstein calves
No full textMilk proteins (more specifically whey proteins) typically are the primary component of milk replacers (MR) and have been considered to be the gold standard for calves, because the lack of anti-nutritional factors and high digestibility that allows for growth rate similar to that of a calf consuming its mother’s milk. Milk replacers containing whey protein, although more cost-effective than whole milk, still represent a substantial cost for producers raising calves. Alternative protein sources have been in the forefront of research on MR for many years in the search for more cost-effective feeds for calves. In particular, a blend of bovine plasma protein (PP) and modified wheat protein might be a good replacement for some of the whey protein. Usually, MR is fed twice daily, but some recent research has indicated that feeding three times daily might increase efficiency of calf’s nutrient use. Feeding three times daily might be even more beneficial for MR containing alternate proteins such as bovine plasma and wheat. Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of two MR, containing either entirely whey protein or a combination of whey protein, bovine PP, and modified wheat protein, when fed either two or three times daily on calf growth, development, and health of dairy calves.
Female and male Holstein calves (n = 103) were studied for the first 63 d of life, with additional measurements obtained at wk 12 of life. The two MR were formulated to contain 25% CP, 17% fat, and a Lys: Met ratio of 3.1:1. Individual treatments arising from the 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of MR formulation and frequency of feeding were as follows: 2XCON = control all milk protein MR, fed two times daily; 2XWBP = MR containing whey protein plus modified wheat and bovine PP, fed two times daily; 3XCON = control all milk protein MR, fed three times daily; and 3XWBP = MR containing whey protein plus modified wheat and bovine PP, fed three times daily. Following colostrum consumption, calves were fed MR (12.5% solids) at rates of dry matter (DM) dependent upon age. During the first 2 d after birth all calves were fed a baseline MR (Excelerate, Milk Specialties Global Animal Nutrition) at 0.52 kg/d (DM basis), divided into two or three feedings daily according to treatment assignment. Treatment MR then were fed in the following daily amounts of MR (DM basis): d 3 to 10 = 0.52 kg/d (2X = 0.259 kg, 3X = 0.173 kg per feeding); d 11 to 20 = 0.68 kg/d (2X = 0.341 kg, 3X = 0.227 kg per feeding); d 21 to 42 = 0.84 kg/d (2X = 0.42 kg, 3X = 0.28 kg; d 43 to 46, 47, 49, and 51 = 0.42 kg/d, with both 2X and 3X changed to one feeding daily with skip days (d 48 and 50) in-between where calves were not given MR; and on d 52 calves were weaned. Starter was fed from d 1 until d 63. Intakes, health scores, attitude scores, and fecal scores were measured daily. Body weight and growth measurements were obtained weekly. Blood samples were obtained at 0, 24, and 48 h and then on d 5, 14, 28, and 42 of age.
During wk 1 to 4, calves fed 3XWBP consumed the lowest amount of MR (663 g/d) on average compared with calves fed 2XCON, 3XCON, and 2XWBP (667, 665, and 665 g/d, respectively) because calves fed 3XWBP had greater refusals than their counterparts. For wk 5 to 8, calves fed 3XWBP had the lowest MR consumption (549 g/d) when compared to the other three treatments that had equal consumption on average (551 g/d) for the same reason. As designed, there were no differences in MR intake for wk 6, 7, and 8 among treatments. Starter intake was higher (P = 0.03) for calves fed WBP versus CON, particularly in wk 8 and 9. There was a tendency (P = 0.06) for final BW at d 56 to be greater (+3.9 kg) for calves fed WBP than for calves fed CON. Calves fed WBP gained more BW than calves fed CON, from d 56 (wk 8) to d 84 (wk 12). For all ADG measurements there was no significant difference (P > 0.10) due to diet, frequency, or their interaction. For feed efficiency (gain:feed), the interaction of diet and frequency was significant (P = 0.01), where treatment 2XCON had the highest efficiency. The MR by frequency interaction also was significant (P = 0.04) for hip width, with the 3XWBP calves having the greatest hip width. All other growth measurements were not significantly different (P > 0.10) for the main effects, with the exception of body length for which 2X calves were greater (P = 0.01). There were several significant differences or tendencies according to main effects of diet and frequency for all blood variables except total globulin and BHBA. Scours occurred at a higher frequency for calves fed diet CON versus those fed WBP, and was greater for 2X versus 3X. Respiratory and attitude score did not (P > 0.10) differ among treatments. However, there was a greater rectal temperature variation for calves fed 2X versus those fed 3X. Overall calves fed WBP had increased starter intake and greater BW gains later in the study than calves fed CON; however, the only apparent advantage to feeding 3X versus 2X was the decrease in scours occurrence, potentially due to the decrease in MR intake by 3X calves.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2019-12-01The student, Kaylin Sharp, accepted the attached license on 2017-12-02 at 19:56.The student, Kaylin Sharp, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2017-12-02 at 20:04.This Thesis was approved for publication on 2017-12-06 at 08:28.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #11816 on 2018-03-13 at 09:56:45Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-13T15:25:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Previous issue date: 2017-12-06Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 105188
Lift date: 2020-03-13T15:25:40Z
Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemEmbargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 105188
Lift date: 2020-03-13T15:28:52Z
Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemU of I Only Restriction Lifted for Item 105188 on 2020-03-14T09:15:19Z
Soil microbial biomass as an indicator for soil health
No full textSoil health is defined by productivity, such as forage growth and weight gains for grazing animals. An indicator for soil health, if available, would comprise of measurements on soil that would allow advanced prediction. Microbial biomass carbon (MBC) is a measurement of the quantity of microbes in soil, estimated by fumigation of soil by chloroform and extraction of the soluble carbon released. Given the microbes contribute to the success of plant growth, MBC was evaluated as a possible indicator for soil health under two grazing systems, continuous and planned, in a replicated and randomized field experiment. From theory, planned grazing is expected to generate greater soil health, because of a longer forage rest period combined with low selectivity of grazing. Values of MBC corresponding to 2.1% of total soil organic carbon (SOC) for the trial were consistent with values for grasslands reported across the North America and Europe. Over two years following establishment of the grazing trial, no difference in MBC could be discerned between grazing treatments. This outcome means that either MBC fails as an indicator of soil health, or else that more time is needed for differences in soil health, if there are any, to emerge between the two treatments. The second interpretation seems likely, because no differences in forage or animal production for the experimental site could be found in available data from related studies. Soil clay content varied from 5-30% across the experiment and increasing clay in soil was associated with a linear reduction in MBC and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN). Most likely, this outcome relates to shielding by clays, which separates microbes from the organic matter they utilize, leading to a reduced quantity of microbes. Where possible, bulking of soil samples to average across textural variability should be employed to maximize sensitivity of MBC in attempts to discern any expected differences in soil health.Includes bibliographical references (pages 110-122)."In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science, Environmental and Life Sciences.
Making Connections: Where STEM Learning and Earth Science Data Services Meet
No full textSTEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics) learning is most effective when students are encouraged to see the connections between science, technology and real world problems. Helping to make these connections has become an increasingly important aspect of Earth Science data research. The Global Hydrology Resource Center (GHRC), one of NASA's 12 EOSDIS (Earth Observing System Data Information System) data centers, has developed a new type of documentation called the micro article to facilitate making connections between data and Earth science research problems
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