1,720,970 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Analyse expérimentale et numérique de l'effet de jeu augmenté sur les instabilités aérodynamiques en compresseur centrifuge à fort taux de pression
No full textLa présente étude a pour objectif d’évaluer l’effet de l’augmentation du jeu fonctionnel en tête d’aube de la roue mobile sur les performances globales et les instabilités aérodynamiques en compresseur centrifuge à fort taux de pression. Pour ce faire, le compresseur TM-Pi9, développé et produit par Turbomeca, installé sur le banc d’essai 1 MW du Laboratoire de Mécanique des Fluides et d’acoustique, a servi de support de recherche. Les mesures de performances globales, associées à des sondages par anémométrie LASER à effet Doppler ainsi que des enregistrements de pression instationnaire au carter, sur l’ensemble de l’étage de compression, ont permis d’acquérir une base de données expérimentales dans deux configurations de jeu, de la vitesse nominale (Nn) à la vitesse de ralenti (0.6 Nn). Ces résultats sont confrontés et complétés par des simulations numériques stationnaires, instationnaires chorochroniques et 360°, convergées avec le code elsA développé par l’ONERA et le CERFACS.À la vitesse de croisière, l’élargissement du jeu en tête d’aubage de 6% à 10% (taille du jeu au niveau du bord de fuite des aubes rapportée à la hauteur de veine en sortie de rouet) génère une hausse des débits de jeu, sensiblement proportionnelle à l’augmentation de l’espace fonctionnel. L’accroissement des débits de jeu ne modifie pas la position du sillage de la structure jet-sillage qui reste localisé autour de l’aube intercalaire. Le sillage devient néanmoins plus large. La modification de géométrie engendre principalement une dégradation du taux de pression de l’étage (~3%), imputable aux pertes non-visqueuses dans le rouet, c’est-à-dire une sous-déviation de l’écoulement imposée par le jet issu du jeu. L’élargissement de la hauteur de l’espace fonctionnel provoque une baisse du débit de blocage, conséquence de la réduction de la pression statique au niveau du col du diffuseur. Le rendement de l’étage subit expérimentalement une dégradation de 1%, au point de fonctionnement rendement maximum et aucune évolution proche pompage. La modification du rendement est soumise à deux effets opposés. D’une part, l’augmentation des débits de jeu provoque plus de pertes visqueuses au sein de l’ensemble des écoulements de jeu. Mais d’autre part, le sillage étant plus large, les structures tourbillonnaires sont moins confinées ; en résulte une diminution de la vorticité. L’accumulation d’entropie dans le sillage est ainsi plus faible. Quelles que soient la vitesse de rotation et la configuration de jeu, le pompage est initié de manière brutale dans le diffuseur aubé par un décollement de couches limites sur la face en dépression des aubages, proche du moyeu. Cette séparation résulte de l’interaction entre la couche limite de coin et l’onde de choc détachée du bord d’attaque des aubes du diffuseur. À faible vitesse de rotation et petit débit, une instabilité aérodynamique affecte l’inducteur du rouet (zone située entre le bord d’attaque des aubes principales et le bord d’attaque des aubes intercalaires). Elle peut être associée à une « instabilité tournante du tourbillon de jeu » qui est induite par une surincidence de l’écoulement sur les aubes principales du rouet. Il s’agit d’un phénomène de mild-stall précurseur d’un décollement tournant progressif dans le rouet. Ce dernier n’est cependant pas enregistré car le diffuseur induit le pompage à débit plus important. Des systèmes de contrôle d’écoulement dans le diffuseur et dans le rouet sont alors proposés, afin d’élargir la plage de fonctionnement du compresseur.This present study is focused on the effect of the impeller blades tip clearance increase on the overall performance and aerodynamic instabilities in high-pressure centrifugal compressor. The test case is a centrifugal compressor stage (TM-Pi9) designed and built by Turbomeca which is used in a helicopter engine. The compressor stage is mounted on the 1 MW test rig of the Laboratoire de Mécanique des Fluides et d’Acoustique at the Ecole Centrale de Lyon in France. Experimental investigations consist in the overall performance acquisitions, LASER Doppler Anemometry measurements and unsteady pressure measurements up to 150 KHz for two tip clearance configurations from the nominal rotation speed to 60% of the nominal rotation speed. Steady and unsteady (phase-lagged and full simulations) simulations are also performed using the elsA code developed by the ONERA and CERFACS. Two tip clearances are tested. In the first case used as reference, the tip gap represents 6% of the section height at the impeller exit. In the second case, the impeller is moved axially, which results in an increased tip gap essentially in the radial part of the impeller. Thus in the second case, the tip clearance at the impeller exit corresponds to 10% of the section height. At the cruise rotation speed, from the reference to the increased tip clearance configurations, the tip leakage mass flows are increased. The tip leakage mass flow increase is quasi-proportional to the tip clearance height enlargement. But the position of the wake of the jet-wake flow pattern is not affected by the modification of the tip leakage mass flows. However the wake becomes wider. The tip clearance modification mainly deteriorates the total-to-static pressure ratio (~3%),which is due to inviscid losses in the impeller (under-deviation of the flow near the blades tip). A lower choking mass flow is reached in the increased tip clearance case compared with the reference configuration, due to the static pressure drop at the diffuser throat. The isentropic stage efficiency is experimentally decreased by 1% at the peak efficiency operating point. Near surge, no change in the stage efficiency is measured. From the reference to the increased tip clearance configurations, the stage efficiency is, in fact, subject to two opposite effects. On the one hand, higher tip leakage mass flows cause more viscous losses in the tip leakages and vortices. On the other hand, the wake of the jet-wake flow pattern being wider, the vortices are less confined, resulting in a decrease of the vorticity. The accumulation of entropy in the wake is thus weaker. Whatever the tip clearance configuration and the rotation speed, the surge is triggered by a boundary layer separation near the hub on the suction side of the diffuser vanes. This separation is due to the interaction between the corner boundary layer and the shock wave detached from the leading edge of diffuser vanes. At low rotation speed, disturbances in the inducer (between the leading edge of the main blade and the leading edge of the splitter blade) were recorded. These disturbances can be associated to “rotating tip clearance disturbances” which are generated by the over-flow-incidence on the impeller main blades. This phenomenon is a mild-stall precursor of a rotating stall in the impeller. The rotating stall in the impeller is not recorded because the surge occurs in the diffuser at higher mass flow. Active and passive flow control systems in the diffuser and the impeller are proposed in order to increase the operating range of the TM-Pi9 compressor
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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