1,721,004 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Intellectual property rights for biotechnological inventions and plant varieties with specific reference to the European Union policies
No full textBİYOTEKNOLOJİK BULUŞLAR VE YENİ BİTKİ ÇEŞİTLERİNİN KORUNMASINA YÖNELİK FİKRİ VE SINAİ MÜLKİYET HAKLARI VE İLİŞKİN AVRUPA TOPLULUĞU POLİTİKALARI PABUÇÇU, GÖZDEM MASTER TEZİ, MARMARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ AVRUPA TOPLULUĞU ENSTİTÜSÜ Bitkiler üzerindeki yasal haklar gerek yeni bitki çeşitlerinin korunmasına yönelik bitki ıslahçı hakları gerekse patent hukuku kapsamında tesis edilebilmektedir. Bu tez çalışması öncelikle söz konusu iki sınai mülkiyet hakkını kapsamlı bir şekilde inceleme ve karşılaştırma amacını taşımaktadır. Tezin ilk bölümü, bitki çeşitlerine biyoteknolojik müdahale ile elde edilen transgenik bitkilerin buluş kapsamında patente konu olup olamayacağı, hangi koşullarda patent korumasının söz konusu olabileceği ve öte yandan bitki ıslahçı hakları kapsamında korumanın nitelikleri ve farklarının neler olduğu gibi soruları yanıtlamak amacını taşımaktadır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda önce uluslararası enstürmanlar ve ardından AB sınai mülkiyet mevzuatı ve uygulamaları değerlendirilmekte ve özellikle bitki çeşidi, transgenik bitki, etik boyut, asıl çeşitten türetilmiş materyal, çiftçi istisnası gibi kavramlara ilişkin ihtilaflı hükümlere doktrinde nasıl bir açıklık getirilmeye çalışıldığı analiz edilmektedir. Tezde amaçlanan diğer bir husus ise gelişmekte olan ülkelerin, fikri ve sınai mülkiyet haklarının bitki genetik kaynaklarına girişi kısıtlayacağı yönündeki endişelerini değerlendirmektir. Gelişmekte olan ve gelişmiş ülkeler arasında genetik kaynakların kullanımı konusunda süregelen iki kutuplu tartışmalar, önemli yasal enstürmanlar olan ; uluslararası çevre sözleşmesi Biyolojik Çeşitlilik Sözleşmesi ve diğer kutbu temsil eden ticari enstrümanlar, özellikle Ticaretle Bağlantılı Fikri Mülkiyet Haklarına Ilişkin Sözleşme (TRIPS) ve fikri mülkiyet haklarına ilişkin organizasyonlar ; Yeni Bitki Çeşitlerinin Korunmasina İliskin Uluslararasi Birlik Sözlesmesi (UPOV) ve Dünya Fikri Mülkiyet Teşkilatı (WIPO), ışığında değerlendirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu tez çalışması, biyolojik çeşitlilik ve geleneksel bilginin harmanıyla günümüze aktarılagelmiş paha biçilmez insanlık mirasının korunması yönünden konunun öncelikli bir hukuk meselesi olduğunu belirlemek bakımından önem arzeden bir çalışmadır.INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS FOR BIOTECHNOLOGICAL INVENTIONS AND PLANT VARIETIES WITH SPECIFIC REFERENCE TO THE EUROPEAN UNION POLICIES PABUÇÇU, GÖZDEM MASTER THESIS, MARMARA UNIVERSITY THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY INSTITUTE Plant breeder's rights or patents can offer legal protection for plants. The first aim of this thesis is to compare both protection systems. The thesis deals with the questions of, whether or not plant biotechnological inventions can be protected under patent law and on what grounds such a patent protection should be based, and, what can be subject matter under plant breeder's rights. The thesis first and foremost evaluates the plant biotechnological inventions and plant varieties at the international level and then focuses on the law policy and practice of the EU. The conflicts in the substantive provisions of existing EU plant intellectual property legislation, especially those relating to the definition of a plant variety, transgenic plant (GMO), morality, essentially derived material, farmers' privilege are analyzed in order to examine how legal doctrine has tried to introduce clarity to them. The second aim of the thesis is to assess the concerns that have been voiced in developing countries with regard to the extent that IPR may restrict the access to plant genetic resources. The continuous debates between the two poles, the developing and developed countries, are evaluated in the light of the vital instruments, on the one hand, the environmental sector, represented by the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), and on the other side, the trade instruments, in particular the TRIPS Agreement, and organizations involved with intellectual property: the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV) and the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). Taking into consideration the growing threat of biopiracy this evaluation led us to conclude that these patents would monopolize the seed markets and create ethically unacceptable claims over natural creation. It is also has a great importance as a matter of law in the context of preserving the invaluable heritage of humankind that biological diversity and traditional knowledge constitute
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Horizontales Recht der europaeischen Union im Bereich der Umwelt und Anpassung der Türkei: Çevre Alanında Avrupa Birliği Yatay Mevzuatı ve Türkiye’nin Uyumu
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