1,720,959 research outputs found
Sharing traumatic experiences: earlier denial increases endorsement of misinformation from a co-witness
No full textPeople oftentimes experience traumatic events together with co-witnesses, who might remember incidents differently. Moreover, people experiencing such traumatic events may initially deny them but eventually come forward (e.g. to a co-witness). We examined how initial false denials affected participants' endorsement of misinformation from a co-witness. Participants (N = 131) watched a trauma analogue video. Next, half were instructed to falsely deny seeing certain details in the video, whereas the other half responded honestly in an interview with the experimenter. After one week, participants discussed the video with a co-witness (confederate) who suggested misinformation. Finally, all participants' memory for the interview and video were tested. Participants who initially denied were more likely to accept co-witness misinformation than honest participants. False denials were also related to increased omission errors regarding the interview, but not the video. Thus, even though false denials might increase endorsement of some misinformation, memory for core details might remain unaffected
Simulating denial increases false memory rates for abuse unrelated information
Get PDFVictims of abuse might deny their traumatic experiences. We studied mnemonic effects of simulating false denial of a child sexual abuse narrative. Participants (N = 127) read and empathized with the main character of this narrative. Next, half were instructed to falsely deny abuse-related information while others responded honestly in an interview. One week later, participants received misinformation for the narrative and interview. In a final source memory task, participants' memory for the narrative and interview was tested. Participants who falsely denied abuse-related information endorsed more abuse-unrelated misinformation about the event than honest participants. Abuse-related false memory rates did not statistically differ between the groups, and false denials were not related to omission errors about (1) the interview and (2) narrative. Hence, victim's memory for abuse-related information related to their experience might not be affected by a false denial, and inconsistencies surrounding the abuse-unrelated information are more likely to take place
Denials in informal co-witness conversations do not affect memory for witnessed events
No full textCampus sexual assault constitutes a frequent crime witnessed by many. Among co-witnesses such assault is oftentimes denied. We examined how false denials during an informal co-witness conversation impacted memory for the conversation and witnessed assault. Ninety participants watched a trauma-analogue video with a co-witness. The next day, honest control dyads engaged in an honest, informal discussion about the film. In lying dyads one participant falsely denied (internal false denial group) details during this informal discussion with their co-witness (external denial group). One week later, participants' recognition memory for the video and conversation was tested. We did not replicate denial-induced forgetting in that participants who falsely denied did not forget details of the previous conversation, relative to honest participants. Moreover, memory for the film was not statistically significantly affected by our manipulation. Thus, informal false denials might not negatively affect memory, despite previous research showing such effects in formal settings
False denials increase false memories for trauma-related discussions
No full textFalse denials are sometimes used to cope with traumatic experiences. We examined whether false denials can affect true and false memory production for a traumatic event and conversations surrounding the trauma. One hundred and twenty-six participants watched a trauma analogue video of a car crash before being randomly asked in a discussion with the experimenter to (1) respond honestly or (2) falsely deny that certain details happened in the video. After one week, all participants received misinformation about the discussion with the experimenter and the car crash. Finally, all participants were instructed to respond truthfully in a source memory task. Participants who falsely denied information during the first session were statistically significantly more prone than honest participants to omit details they denied and to report misinformation about what was discussed in the first session. Our work suggests that false denials of a traumatic experience might lead to both forgetting and increased false memory levels for earlier conversations about the event
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
‘Nothing happened’: Legal implications of false denials among abused children
Get PDFPeople lie on a frequent basis. However, when a victim of maltreatment lies by
denying the abuse, lies can become forensically relevant. We have reviewed the
relevant literature on the prevalence and memory consequences of such false
denials. The way forensic interviewers proceed in the face of denying children
will be shaped by their beliefs about the frequency with which truly abused
children deny abuse. We discuss that estimates of the prevalence of false
denials among abused children vary but that such false denials do happen.
When falsely denying children eventually come forward with their experiences,
a second issue lingers: how valid are maltreated children’s statements after a
false denial? We review the literature indicating that false denials can negatively
affect memory for the investigative interview during which the lie was
told. Yet, memory for the denied experience itself seems to be mostly preserved,
and some research even found potential protective effects of false
denials. We conclude that denials should always be handled with care in the
court room, since the ground truth usually is not known, but that statements
should not be dismissed based solely on previous denials
Can false denials turn fact into fiction? The effect of false denials on memory for self-performed actions
No full textWe examined the mnemonic effects of falsely denying a self-performed action. Specifically, participants (N = 30) performed, imagined, or received no instruction about 24 action statements (e.g., “cross your arms”). Next, their memory for whether they had performed, imagined, or did nothing (i.e., received no instructions) with these actions was tested. Subsequently, participants were instructed to repeatedly deny an action they had performed (false denial) and to repeatedly claim to have performed an action they had only imagined (false admission). In a final sorting memory task, 54% (n = 16) of participants erroneously indicated, after false admissions, that they had performed the imagined action. None of the participants indicated that they had only imagined an action after false denials, showing that it might be difficult to forget a performed action, even after repeatedly denying it. The current experiment sets the stage for future research to investigate why it seems to be difficult to forget performed actions
- …
