1,721,072 research outputs found
Remembering Baldwin I: The Secunda pars historiae Iherosolimitane and literary responses to the Jerusalemite monarchy in twelfth-century France
No full textBetween chronicon and chanson: William of Tyre, the first crusade, and the art of storytelling
No full textThe Chronicon of Archbishop William of Tyre is not only a source of unparalleled significance for historians of the Latin East, it is also one that offers an important window onto historical writing in twelfth-century Christendom. Comprising over 1,000 pages of Latin text in the modern critical edition, its twenty-three books span (roughly) the period of Latin Christian involvement in the Levant and Syria from the genesis of the First Crusade in 1095 through to the mid-1180s. The text reflects an extensive writing process, one that most historians argue began c. 1170 and lasted until the period immediately preceding the author's death c. 1184/86. Unsurprisingly for such a lengthy and important work, the Chronicon and its author have attracted widespread interest. However, except for Peter Edbury and John Rowe's 1988 study, scholars have rarely taken a broad-ranging approach to the Chronicon. Instead, recent work has largely focused on examining specific elements or themes of the text, with a growing interest in William's authorial strategies mirroring the emergence of literary approaches to crusade narratives. The Chronicon's first eight books, which account for over a third of the entire work and include the author's retelling of the First Crusade, have nevertheless either been ignored, largely because they are viewed as derivative and of little value in tracing William's authorial voice or ideological standpoints, or approached only to confirm arguments regarding related texts, especially Albert of Aachen's Historia Ierosolimitana and the so-called ‘Lost Lotharingian Chronicle’.
Some recent work has begun to redress this, but a close, careful and detailed analysis of William's account of the First Crusade remains necessary, especially given Edbury and Rowe's somewhat offhand – or at least not fully explored – concluding remark that ‘only in the story of the First Crusade did [William’s] narrative achieve a genuine homogeneity’. Such a study is vital to achieving a better understanding of the author and his text, for these sections offer the best opportunity to trace William's historical method by pinpointing his use and adaptation of other sources to craft his own version of events. But re-examining William's account of the First Crusade is also valuable because it will help to situate the Chronicon more firmly within the wider flourishing of history creation during the twelfth century and beyond, in both a crusading and non-crusading context
The Crusades, the Latin East and Medieval history-writing: An introduction
No full textThe period of the crusades and the Latin settlement of the eastern Mediterranean was an important one for medieval historical writing. Indeed, it has been recently suggested that the chroniclers of the First Crusade (1095–99), faced with the need to couch events in a more overtly exegetical register, ‘pioneered a new way of writing about the recent past’. Whether or not one accepts the notion that such writers adopted a fundamentally new mode of composition, there can be little doubt that this initial expedition left a significant imprint on medieval literary cultures. For a start, the vast number of extant narratives is unusual by medieval standards. More than this, though, the enterprise is renowned for popularising the medieval monograph format, with many writers electing to compose standalone histories characterised by a narrow focus on the crusade. As the crusading movement progressed, some embedded crusade accounts into works with wider chronological and geographical scopes, but the free-standing ‘crusade’ history was an outcome of nearly all subsequent expeditions (or at least the major ‘numbered’ ones). It is perhaps a by-product of this textual tradition – among other factors, such as modern historians’ propensity to compartmentalise evidence to facilitate historical analysis and the hangover of nineteenth-century scholarly conventions – that crusading expeditions are often treated in isolation: a discrete series of holy wars related to, but somehow distinct from, the Latin Christian settlements established in the wake of the First Crusade, known collectively as the crusader states, the Latin East or, when viewed from the West, Outremer (‘the land across the sea’). One need only cast an eye over the many modern general histories of the crusades to appreciate that most devote comparatively little space to the crusader states. Instead, the history of those polities on the fringes of Latin Christendom has usually been detailed separately, so much so that even the validity of the long-standing descriptor ‘crusader states’ has been disputed.
Consequently, the historiography of the crusades and the crusader states has developed along slightly different contours. For the purposes of this volume, the most significant difference, to be discussed in greater detail below, is that whereas texts – especially historical narratives – pertaining to the crusades have been subjected to an unparalleled degree of literary scrutiny in recent years, the textual evidence for the Latin East has less frequently been examined through the same interpretative lens
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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