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Trabeculectomy surgery in the treatment of glaucoma in dogs
No full textAqueous humor is produced by the ciliary body by active secretion and filtration of plasma. Most of the aqueous humor flows from the posterior chamber, through the pupil, to the anterior chamber, and goes out at the iridocorneal angle into the intrascleral venous plexus. The balance between formation and drainage maintains intraocular pressure. In glaucoma the pressure in the eye increased. Prolonged or recurrent elevation of intraocular pressure lead to degeneration of the retina and optic nerve. The presence of a “red eye”, corneal edema, mydriasis, blepharospasm, blidness, and buphtalmos can be seen. Pupillary light reflex may be slow or absent.
Glaucoma is divided into primary (including congenital) and secondary categories. The iridocorneal angle may be open, narrow or closed in either type. Secondary glaucoma is most frequently due to severe anterior uveitis or iris melanoma. Aggressive medical and possibly surgical therapy is indicated for patients with glaucoma that continues to progress despite use of medications therapy. In some cases, trabeculectomy surgery may be recommended. This procedure we applied in the case of our patient
Treatmeny of distichiasis in a dog using electrolisis
No full textThe eyelids represent a structure composed of skin and cutaneous appendages, including hair follicles and glandular structures. The eyelids and ocular adnexa comprise the primary surface defence for the globe, specifically the cornea. There are three main forms of ciliary disorders: distichiasis, trichiasis and ectopic cilia. The abnormally placed hairs irritate the cornea. The affected eye will become red, inflamed and may develop a discharge. In severe cases, the cornea may became ulcerated. Both upper and lower lids may be involved. Some breads are affected more, suggesting that it is an inherited trait. Ciliary abnormalities are extremely rare in the cat. The diagnosis is made by direct visualization, although head loupe or slit-lamp magnification is helpful. The abnormal eyelashes are best removed through the use of surgery, kryotherapy or electroepilation. This report documents bilateral distichiasis in west highland white terrier. The distichia were removed using electroepilation technique
The feline glaucoma
No full textAqueous humor is produced by the ciliary body by active secretion and filtration of
plasma. Most of the aqueous humor flows from the posterior chamber, through the
pupil, to the anterior chamber, and exit at the iridocorneal angle into the intrascleral
venous plexus. The balance between formation and drainage maintains intraocular
pressure. In glaucoma the pressure in the eye increased. Prolonged or recurrent
elevation of intraocular pressure lead to degeneration of the retina and optic nerve.
The presence of a “red eye”, corneal edema, mydriasis, blepharospasm, blidness,
and buphtalmos can be seen. Pupillary light reflex may be slow or absent.
Glaucoma is divided into primary (including congenital) and secondary categories.
The iridocorneal angle may be open, narrow or closed in either type. The primary
glaucoma in cats is a heredietary condition. Secondary glaucoma is more commonly
encountered than primary. Secondary glaucoma is most frequently due to severe
anterior uveitis or iris melanoma. The elevation of intraocular pressure results from
other disease processes within the eye. Feline aqueous humor misdirection
syndrome is a unique form of glaucoma seen in cats. Aqueous humor is misdirected
posteriorly into the vitreous instead of anteriorly in the anterior chamber. The
objectives of therapy are to maintain vision and eliminate pain by increasing aqueous
outflow, decreasing aqueous production and preventing or delaying glaucoma in the
other eye. Aggressive medical (topical beta-blockers and carbonic anhydraze
inhibitor) and possibly surgical therapy ( YAG laser, partial vitrectomy or lens
removing) is indicated if the eye still has vision. If the eye is reversibly blind
enucleation procedures should be performed
Trudnogojacy sie wrzód rogówki y psa rasy bokser
No full textArtykuł przedstawia przypadek leczenia wrzodu rogówki u psa rasy bokser. Wrzód ten określany jest terminem "trudnogojący się" lub "indolent ulcer". Wrzody tego typu są predylekcyjne dla niektórych ras psów. Powstają często spontanicznie i niestety często mogą nawracać. istota choroby polega na oddzielaniu się nabłonka rogówki od jej istoty właściwej. Przyczyną tego może być wada hemidesmosomów, które odpowiadają za przyleganie nabłonka do stromy lub też procesy zwyrodnieniowe stromy rogówki. W obrazie klinicznym, po wybarwieniu rogówki za pomocą fluoresceiny, widoczne jest podciekanie barwnika pod warstwy rogówki. Istnieje kilka metod leczenia tego typu owrzodzenia. wymienić należy; keratotomię, powierzchowną keratektomię, chirurgiczne usunięcie martwego nabłonka rogówki. Leczeniu chirurgicznemu zawsze towarzyszy leczenie farmakologiczne. W naszym przypadku u psa zastosowaliśmy leczenie za pomocą keratotomii kratkowej skojarzonej z leczeniem farmakologicznym.A case of indolent ulcer in a Boxer is described. An indolent ulcer is a ulcer which
fails to heal in the expected time. These ulcers are often breed-related, develop
spontaneously and may be considered to represent a primary corneal epithelial or
superficial stroma dystrophy. It is caused by a failure of attachment between the basal
epithelium to the underlying membrane. There are several methods that will facilitate
healing; debridement, keratotomy, superficial keratectomy and medical treatment
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Soczewka - embriologia, anatomia i fizjologia - część I
No full textThe lens originates from surface ectoderm covering the embryo’s head. The lens is
composed of an acellular capsule, epithelial cells and fibers. The postnatal lens lacks
vascularization and innervations. For nutrients and removal of metabolic waste products
depends on the aqueous humor. The lens is comprised of 2/3 water and 1/3 protein. Two
forms of proteins have been described: soluble (cristallin) and insoluble (albuminoid).
Metabolism of glucose from aqueous humor provides the main source of energy for the
lens, with anaerobic glycolysis pathways, being the most important. The basic function of
the lens is to focus light onto the retina producing a clear, sharp image
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