196,828 research outputs found
Morphology and molecules reveal unexpected cryptic diversity in the enigmatic genus Sinobirma Bryk, 1944 (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)
No full textThe wild silkmoth genus Sinobirma Bryk, 1944 is a poorly known monotypic taxon from the eastern end of the Himalaya Range. It was convincingly proposed to be closely related to some members of an exclusively Afro-tropical group of Saturniidae, but its biogeographical and evolutionary history remains enigmatic. After examining recently collected material from Tibet, northern India, and northeastern Myanmar, we realized that this unique species, S. malaisei Bryk, 1944 only known so far from a few specimens and from a very restricted area near the border between north-eastern Myanmar and the Yunnan province of China, may in fact belong to a group of closely related cryptic species. In this work, we combined morphological comparative study, DNA barcoding, and the sequences of a nuclear marker (D2 expansion segment of the 28S rRNA gene) to unequivocally delimit three distinct species in the genus Sinobirma, of which two are described as new to science: S. myanmarensis sp. n. and S. bouyeri sp. n. An informative DNA barcode sequence was obtained from the female holotype of S. malaisei—collected in 1934—ensuring the proper assignation of this name to the newly collected and studied specimens. Our findings represent another example of the potential of coupling traditional taxonomy and DNA barcoding for revealing and solving difficult cases of cryptic diversity. This approach is now being generalized to the world fauna of Saturniidae, with the participation of most of the taxonomists studying these moths
Catholic Schools, Catholic Education, and Catholic Educational Research: A Conversation with Anthony Bryk
No full textAnthony Bryk is President of the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. Previously, he held the Spencer Chair in Organizational Studies in the School of Education and the Graduate School of Business at Stanford University as well as the Marshall Field IV Professor of Urban Education and Sociology at the University of Chicago. Dr. Bryk received his undergraduate degree from Boston College and his doctorate from Harvard University. His main areas of expertise are school organization, education reform, Catholic schools, and educational statistics. He founded and directed efforts to support and inform educational improvements in the Chicago public schools. In 1993, Harvard University Press published the groundbreaking book Catholic Schools and the Common Good with Valerie Lee and Peter Holland. Dr. Bryk recently spoke with Joseph M. O’Keefe, S.J., dean of the Lynch School of Education at Boston College and co-editor of the journal, on the future of Catholic schools, Catholic educational research, and the journal. The following is a transcript of that conversation, providing direction for the future of Catholic education. [Special thanks to Craig Horning, doctoral student at Boston College, for transcribing the conversation.
Bia rebeli subsp. rebeli Bryk
No full textBia rebeli rebeli Bryk (Figs 1 c, 5a–b, 11d, 12) Diagnostic description. Defined by the following combination of characters: (1) MF DFW white apical ocelli small. (2) MF DFW orange band moderately wide, opaque, orange scales extended proximally along veins. (3) M DFW iridescent band varies in size from anal margin to approximately half of the CuA2 cell, to nearly reaching CuA2. F DFW iridescent band more diffuse and narrower than that of actorion, especially noticeable below CuA2 where the iridescence is less extended towards the tornus (more extended in actorion). (4) M DFW androconial scales on the CuA-CuA1-CuA2 intersection pale, contrasting scale color of surrounding area. (5) DHW discal androconial pad cream-colored. (6) DHW discal hairpencil cream-colored, similar to or only slightly darker than scales of the associated androconial pad. (7) F VFW ripple pattern less dense than that of M. Distribution and examined specimens. Fig. 12 and Appendix. Remarks. Inasmuch as the type locality Roque is situated at 800 m elevation and other examined specimens were collected between 600 and 1250 m (Appendix, Fig. 12), we consider rebeli rebeli as associated with the Andean foothills. The dorsal hind wing discal androconial organs of this subspecies (Figs 1 c and 5a) are indistinguishable in color from those of rebeli acreana and tapajos (described below, see Figs 10 h and 7d), which could be interpreted as convergent evolution given that these subspecies are allopatric (see also subspecies account for rebeli cuprea, described below).Published as part of Penz, Carla M., Casagrande, Mirna M., Devries, Phil & Simonsen, Thomas J., 2017, Documenting diversity in the Amazonian butterfly genus Bia (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae), pp. 201-237 in Zootaxa 4258 (3) on pages 217-218, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4258.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/56972
Pydnella (Phalera) birmicola Bryk 1949
No full textPhalera (Phalera) birmicola Bryk, 1949 [Fig. 4 (A–D)] Phalera sangana birmicola Bryk, 1949; 42 A: 7. Phalera sundana Holloway, 1982: 201. Phalera (Phalera) birmicola; Schintlmeister, 2013; 11: 329. TL: Washaung [Myitkyina, Myanmar]; TD: SRMNH Distribution: India: Uttarakhand. Elsewhere: Indonesia (Borneo), Malaysia, Myanmar. Material Examined: Uttarakhand, Pithoragarh dist., Askot WLS, Jauljivi (29.7508°N; 80.3788°E, 632 m), 19.ix.2016 (1♂), Coll. A.K. Sanyal & Party. Diagnosis: Half of forewing: ♂ 38mm. Phalera (Phalera) birmicola belongs to the grotei complex of species, which is hard to distinguish morphologically from P. grotei Moore, 1860. P. birmicola differs in having abdomen with alternating fuscous brown and yellowish bands and fuscous brown hindwings. In male genitalia, birmicola differs from grotei in having thicker and tapered uncus, deeper and cup-shaped groove in socii and finer costal flaps of valve. Note: New record to India.Published as part of Chandra, Kailash, Mazumder, Arna, Sanyal, Abesh Kumar, Ash, Anirban, Bandyopadhyay, Uttaran, Mallick, Kaushik & Raha, Angshuman, 2018, Catalogue of Indian Notodontidae Stephens, 1829 (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea), pp. 1-84 in Zootaxa 4505 (1) on page 46, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4505.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/260670
A Genetic Screen for High-Copy Suppressors of the Growth Defect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae set1 Null Mutants Under Histidine Starvation Conditions
No full textPrevious research indicates that Set1 is the catalytically active protein in COMPASS, a protein methyltransferase complex associated with transcription in budding yeast cells. However, the mechanistic role that Set1 and COMPASS plays in the regulation of transcription remains poorly characterized. Current research in the Bryk lab indicates that mono-methylation of histone H3 on lysine 4 (K4) is required for 3-aminotriazole-induced transcription of the HIS3 gene by RNA polymerase II (PolII). The research shows that yeast cells lacking a functional SET1 gene (containing null alleles, either set1�� or set1-Y967A) grow poorly on medium lacking histidine and containing 3-aminotriazole (3-AT). Overexpression screens are being performed to identify genes that suppress the growth defect of set1 null mutants. Genes when over-expressed are expected to either bypass the need for Set1 or replace Set1 function through interaction with a non-functional Set1 complex. Studying genetic suppressors may uncover clues to the role of SET1 in the Pol II transcription mechanism, providing new information on transcription, a ubiquitous vital process in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
Bia rebeli Bryk, STAT. NOV.
No full textBia rebeli Bryk, STAT. NOV. (Figs 1 c, 5, 6, 7, 11d, 12) Diagnostic re-description. General characters as described for the genus. Remarkably variable in all diagnostic characters that follow: (1) MF DFW white apical ocelli vary from medium to small and sometimes absent. (2) MF DFW orange band moderately wide but variable across range, usually opaque but diffuse in some specimens (e.g., Brazil, Amazonas, Arimã); orange scales can be somewhat extended proximally along veins, including the anterior tip of discal cell in some localities (e.g., Brazil, Amazonas, Tapajós), but not extended along veins in others (e.g., Bolivia). (3) M DFW iridescent band extremely variable, such as: limited to tornus; extending from anal margin to approximately half of the CuA2 cell; nearly reaching CuA2; and, less frequently, reaching CuA2. This band also shows some size variation within localities. F DFW iridescent band more diffuse and narrower than that of actorion, especially noticeable below CuA2 where the iridescence is less extended towards the tornus (more extended in actorion). (4) M DFW androconial scales on the CuA-CuA1-CuA2 intersection pale, contrasting scale color of surrounding area. (5) M DHW discal androconial pad varying geographically from chocolate-brown, to medium brown (silvery), or cream. (6) M DHW discal hairpencil varying geographically from chocolate-brown, to medium brown, or cream. (7) F VFW ripple pattern usually less dense than that of M, but some geographical and local variation was observed (see subspecies accounts). Male genitalia: tip of valva a narrow, rounded point that usually extends beyond the spiny projection (lateral view), spiny projection usually of medium height, infrequently tall; gnathos narrow, usually ending at a narrow point (lateral view); phallus narrowing towards tip. Type material. Holotype M (Fig. 1 c), deposited at the NRM collection, six labels separated by // and transcribed verbatim: PERU, Roque 26/4 1925 Douglas Melin // Bia actorion (L.) ssp. rebeli (m) // Typus // 23 // NRM Sthlm Loan 50/10. // NRM-01-10. The collecting locality is presumably in the San Martín Region, Lamas Province. Genitalia dissected and examined by TJS. See also http://butterfliesofamerica.com/L/t/ Bia _a.htm (last accessed 30 August 2016). Remarks. Geographical variation in all diagnostic characters serves as the basis for the subspecific classification proposed below.Published as part of Penz, Carla M., Casagrande, Mirna M., Devries, Phil & Simonsen, Thomas J., 2017, Documenting diversity in the Amazonian butterfly genus Bia (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae), pp. 201-237 in Zootaxa 4258 (3) on page 214, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4258.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/56972
Early gene expression divergence between allopatric populations of the house mouse (Mus musculus domesticus)
No full textDivergence of gene expression is known to contribute to the differentiation and separation of populations and species, although the dynamics of this process in early stages of population divergence remains unclear. We analyzed gene expression differences in three organs (brain, liver, and testis) between two natural populations of Mus musculus domesticus that have been separated for at most 3000 years. We used two different microarray platforms to corroborate the results at a large scale and identified hundreds of genes with significant expression differences between the populations. We find that although the three tissues have similar number of differentially expressed genes, brain and liver have more tissue–specific genes than testis. Most genes show changes in a single tissue only, even when expressed in all tissues, supporting the notion that tissue–specific enhancers act as separable targets of evolution. In terms of functional categories, in brain and to a smaller extent in liver, we find transcription factors and their targets to be particularly variable between populations, similar to previous findings in primates. Testis, however, has a different set of differently expressed genes, both with respect to functional categories and overall correlation with the other tissues, the latter indicating that gene expression divergence of potential importance might be present in other datasets where no differences in fraction of differentially expressed genes were reported. Our results show that a significant amount of gene expression divergence quickly accumulates between allopatric population
Comment on "Explaining the specific heat of liquids based on instantaneous normal modes"
No full textIn a recent paper (Phys. Rev. E {\bf 104}, 014103 (2021) ) M. Baggioli and A.
Zaccone formulate a theoretical description of the specific heat of liquids by
using Debye's expression for the specific heat of solids and inserting a
density of states (DOS) which they claim to represent the
instantaneous-normal-mode (INM) spectrum of a liquid. However, the
quantum-mechanical procedure of Debye cannot be used for a classical liquid and
the authors' formula for the INM spectrum does not represent the known INM
spectra of simple liquids. Furthermore, the derivation of this formula from
their model equation of motion is mathematically in error. Finally experimental
test of the teory for the specific heat of {\it liquids} is performed by
fitting the data of {\it supercritical fluids}. \new{To our opinion,} these and
a lot of other inconsistencies render this work not suitable for studying the
specific heat of liquids.Comment: 3 pages, 1 figur
Absence of a boson peak in anharmonic phonon models with Akhiezer-type damping
No full textIn a recent article M. Baggioli and A. Zaccone (Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 112},
145501 (2019)) claimed that an anharmonic damping, leading to a sound
attenuation proportional to (Akhiezer-type damping) would imply a
boson peak, i.e.\ a maximum in the vibrational density of states, divided by
the frequency squared (reduced density of states). This would apply both to
glasses and crystals.Here we show that this is not the case. In a
mathematically correct treatment of the model the reduced density of states
monotonously decreases, i.e.\ there is no boson peak. We further show that the
formula for the would-be boson peak, presented by the authors, corresponds to a
very short one-dimensional damped oscillator system. The peaks they show
correspond to resonances, which vanish in the thermodynamic limit.Comment: 3 pages, 2 figure
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