1,721,003 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Desenvolvimento de emulsões lipídicas de uso parenteral compostas de lecitina de canola ou girassol produzidas por emulsificação espontânea e homogeneização a alta pressão
Full text linkResumo não disponíve
Nanoemulsões para administração parenteral de fármacos
Full text linkNanoemulsões são sistemas nanométricos em que gotículas de óleo estão dispersas em uma fase contínua aquosa. A maior aplicação destes sistemas encontra-se na possibilidade de administrar substâncias de reduzida hidrossolubilidade intravenosamente, além de apresentarem a possibilidade, através de ligantes específicos, de direcionar os compostos veiculados a locais de interesse. Assim, foi realizada uma revisão na literatura, em busca de fármacos incorporados em nanoemulsões, de uso parenteral, e que estão presentes no mercado ou são potenciais candidatos. Dentre os resultados mais relevantes, encontram-se: a) a aclacinomicina A, que está veiculada em nanoemulsões contendo PEG-folato, aumentando o efeito citotóxico através do direcionamento a células tumorais; b) a anfotericina B, que por estar incorporada nessas gotículas, permanece no estado monomérico; c) a camptotecina e seus pró-fármacos, com elevada retenção nesses sistemas e protegidos da degradação enzimática; d) a carbamazepina, que alcançou maior permeabilidade através da barreira hematoencefálica; e) a claritromicina, que apresentou uma redução na incidência da dor no local de administração, quando incorporada nas nanoemulsões; f) a dexametasona, que foi detectada em elevadas concentrações no tecido inflamado; g) a morfina, que demonstrou prolongada atividade antinoceptiva; h) o paclitaxel, que somou a vantagem da formulação à associação com outras substâncias no interior das gotículas, aumentando o efeito citotóxico; i) o propofol, que com um núcleo oleoso diferente da formulação disponível no mercado, apresentou maior aceitabilidade pelos pacientes; j) e enfim a prostaglandina E1, que reduziu sua dose efetiva em cerca de dez vezes com a incorporação em nanoemulsões. No seu conjunto esta revisão evidencia o interesse da incorporação de moléculas de reduzida hidrossolubilidade em nanoemulsões
Development of hydrogels containing Microsilver BG™ incorporated into nanoemulsions as a way for the treatment of atopic dermatitis
No full textAliando as necessidades do paciente com dermatite atópica às propriedades antimicrobianas dos íons prata (comercialmente disponível como MicroSilver BGTM), foi proposta a preparação de hidrogéis de hidroxietilcelulose contendo MicroSilver BGTM incorporado em nanoemulsões lipídicas. Para produção das nanoemulsões, foi utilizada lecitina de canola, como uma alternativa com menor potencial alergênico em relação do uso da lecitina de gema de ovo na estabilização das formulações. As nanoemulsões foram produzidas pelo método de emulsificação espontânea, contendo lecitina de canola ou gema de ovo (controle), polissorbato 80 e triglicerídeos de cadeia média em sua composição. As formulações apresentaram gotículas de tamanho nanométrico (180 a 290 nm) e potencial zeta negativo (-30 a -50 mV). Após a incorporação do MicroSilver BGTM nas nanoemulsões, e estas no hidrogel, não foram observadas alterações nas propriedades físico-químicas das nanoestruturas. O hidrogel apresentou comportamento não-Newtoniano do tipo pseudoplástico, cuja viscosidade apresentou-se diminuída após a incorporação das nanoemulsões contendo MicroSilver BGTM. Os resultados gerais deste trabalho indicam a viabilidade de preparação de hidrogéis contendo MicroSilver BGTM incorporado em nanoemulsões lipídicas visando o tratamento da dermatite atópica.Combining the requirements of the patient with atopic dermatitis to the antimicrobial properties of silver ions (commercial available as MicroSilver BGTM), we proposed the preparation of hydroxyethylcellulose hydrogel containing MicroSilver BGTM incorporated in lipid nanoemulsions. For nanoemulsion production, rapeseed lecithin was used as a less alergenic alternative to the egg yolk lecithin in emulsion stabilization. Nanoemulsions were prepared by spontaneous emulsification method, containing rapeseed or egg yolk (control) lecithin, polissorbate 80 and medium chain triglycerides in their composition. The formulations presented nanometric droplet size (180 to 290 nm) and negative zeta potential (-30 to -50 mV). After the MicroSilver BGTM incorporation into nanoemulsions, and those into the hydrogel, no changes in the physicochemical properties of the nanostructures were observed. The hydrogel presented a pseudoplastic non-Newtonian behavior, with a lower viscosity after the incorporation of nanoemulsions containing MicroSilver BGTM. The global results showed the feasibility of preparing hydrogels containing MicroSilver BGTM incorporated in lipid nanoemulsions aiming the atopic dermatitis treatment
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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