1,720,997 research outputs found
The Complexity of Organ Donation: A Review of the Literature
No full textThis thesis seeks to better understand the factors involved in facilitating or impeding people’s desires to register as organ donors. Through an examination of existing literature on the subject it examines issues of altruism, religious beliefs, and trust in the systems responsible for organ donation and transplantation. The thesis also considers the different perspectives offered on these topics by the quantitative and qualitative literatures on these subjects. While increasing education of organ donation and transplantation a primary focus in both literatures, this focus overlooks how factors besides people’s knowledge of transplantation impacts the decisions they make. Religion is another factor that is often studied. All major religions accept donation practices, but many individuals cite religious beliefs as reasons not to donate. Likewise, altruism is identified as the biggest perceived benefit of donation, and medical mistrust is a major reason many choose not to donate despite adequate knowledge of donation and its benefits. Within the qualitative literature, narratives from surgeons, donor families, and recipients provide unique insights into these issues that are largely absent in the quantitative literature. Ultimately, this thesis finds that transplantation, and especially the quantitative research on this subject, is heavily skewed by the worldview of biomedicine, one that views the body as a machine with replaceable parts that can be fixed. In order to increase organ donation rates, especially in communities that lack trust in the medical field, systematic change is needed. To accomplish this those that lead organ donation efforts must first recognize the underlying issues that prevent organ donation and then work to make changes to the system so that those issues are appropriately addressed and mitigated.Anthropolog
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
COVID-19 on Campus: Protective Measures of Texas State Students Enrolled in Face-to-Face Instruction
No full textIn fall 2020, Texas State University welcomed students back to campus for faceto-face instruction despite the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Students, faculty, and staff were expected to follow a number of protective measures while on campus to prevent the spread of COVID-19. This research sought to understand if and how these students followed these measures while attending face-to-face instruction on Texas State’s main campus in San Marcos. Two hundred students over the age of 18, who were also enrolled in at least one face-to-face course, were recruited to complete an online survey to assess how they protected themselves on campus and how they saw others protect themselves on campus, including mask wearing, hand washing and social distancing. Data was also collected on students’ living and employment situations. Analysis of the survey data revealed that most students followed at least some of the protocol outlined by Texas State’s health and safety guidelines, particularly wearing masks, social distancing, and hand washing. Students were relatively evenly divided when it came to staying home from unnecessary activities and how comfortable they felt on campus. Finally, students expressed that there were issues with parties and enforcing the mask wearing rules on campus. This feedback showed that while students may have been following the rules on-campus, they were still likely to not follow the rules while off-campus.Anthropolog
The Consequences of Violence: An Analysis of the Structural Forces Behind the Spread of HIV and AIDS in Thailand and China
No full textSince the mid-1800s, developments in biotechnology and biomedicine has caused a change in the focus of disease research. This research has attempted to discover what causes the spread of diseases through human populations. Normally the researcher takes a biological approach, focusing on the characteristics of the disease which allow it to spread. However, many social factors contribute to the spread of diseases as well, often causing larger outbreaks to occur. HIV/AIDS, a virus, is one such disease where the social factors, more so than the biological factors, have caused it to spread to pandemic proportions. In this paper, I will discuss how structural violence accounts for the social factors that allowed HIV/AIDS to spread. Specifically I will provide an account of how structural violence is a leading cause of HIV and AIDS in the sex worker population of Thailand and the blood donor population of China. The analysis provides information on how the systems within the structure were conducive to structural violence and how each country addressed the epidemic. It is concluded that the impoverished state of the affected populations, the inability to make choices that would easily prevent HIV and AIDS, and the individual characteristics of the structures of each country created the perfect conditions for structural violence. The consequences of these actions lead to the spread of AIDS.Anthropolog
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Risky Business: Exploring the Perceived Risk of Being Uninsured Among College Students
No full textThe US healthcare system is unequal—without universal coverage some individuals, particularly poor and/or underemployed persons, lack access to quality care. While this situation is well-documented, some areas remain unexamined, including coverage among young adults transitioning to adulthood. In my research, I address this gap by interviewing college students about the causes of their insurance gaps and the associated challenges and risks they face living without healthcare coverage. By taking this approach, my research documents the plight of young adults in the US who are precariously transitioning to adulthood.Anthropolog
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