1,721,155 research outputs found
Expression and distribution of leptin and ghrelin in the digestive ap-paratus of DIO (diet-induced obesity) zebrafish
No full textExpression and distribution of leptin and ghrelin in the digestive ap-paratus of DIO (diet-induced obesity) zebrafish
Maruccio L, Russo F, Arcamone N, Mania M, Randazzo B, Ciriaco E
In this report we analyzed the expression and distribution of leptin and ghrelin in the digestive apparatus of DIO zebrafish. Leptin is anorexigenic peptide while ghrelin is orexigenic one. They act as antagonists. In this study in order to develop an obesity phenotype adult zebrafish were divided into two dietary groups. The con-trol group was fed with Artemia (5 mg cysts/fish/day) once per day. The overfeeding group was fed three times per day with Artemia (60 mg cysts/fish/day). For calorie restriction, the zebrafish was fed with Artemia (2.5 mg cysts/fish/day) for 2 weeks after being overfed for 8 weeks. At the end of this period, after 24h of fasting, the zebrafish digestive apparatus were sampled for immunohistochemistry, western blotting and qRT-PCR techniques. Leptin and ghrelin immunoreactivity were found in the enteric nervous system and neuroen-docrine cells in overfeeding and control zebrafish intestine. The number of immunopositive cells is greater in DIO zebrafish than in control ones. In both groups leptin immunoreactive nervous fibers were found around ducts and vessels of liver. The presence of proteins were confirmed by western blotting analysis. By qRT-PCR, leptin and ghrelin mRNA levels are higher in the overfeeding zebrafish intestine and in control zebrafish liver. The immunological detection of ghrelin and leptin in control zebrafish are in agreement with literature data. In DIO zebrafish the results are similar to those found for obese mammals. In conclusion, this study represent a starting point to investigate the mechanisms involved in the regulation of appetite and energy balance in DIO zebrafish
Handbook for Cetaceans' Strandings
No full textThe aim of this handbook is giving to biologists, veterinarians and also volunteers involved in cetaceans strandings basic information on biology, anatomy, physiology and pathology of these species, in order to ameliorate the effectiveness of any intervention on any stranded animals along the Adriatic Sea.
The 7 chapters of this book try to give an historical and biological explanation of the stranding phenomena describing also which are the best practices and protocols to follow in these events; a complete necropsy protocol is also reported together with all the best pictures collected in these years describing main pathological changes observed during our experience and a brief description of all spontaneous diseases and evidences related to the interaction with anthropic activities that could be found during a post-mortem examination of a marine mammal; a speci c protocol to certify an human interaction is also described. Finally, rst steps to be done with an alive stranded cetaceans are reported. All protocols, procedures and pictures should be considered as a eld guide for those person that want be involved in this event
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
The presence of neurotrophins and their specific receptors in adult and developing Japanese quail ovaries
No full textThe presence of neurotrophins and their specific receptors in adult and developing Japanese quail ovaries
Nechita E-L, Arcamone N, Maruccio L, Solcan C, Cotea C
Nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) are members of neurotrophins family, which are involved in growth, maintaining, differentiation and survival of neurons in the central and peripheral nervous system. The activity of these neurotrophins is elicited in systems other than nervous, such as reproductive and endocrine systems. In mammals, neurotrophins and their receptors TrkA, TrkB, TrkC play a critical role in oogenesis and folliculogenesis, promoting the follicular development and oo-cyte maturation, also during early embryonic development. In this study we report the presence of NGF, BDNF, NT-3 and their specific receptors in adult and embryonic quail gonads. The investigations were con-ducted on embryonic stages from 4th to 17th day of incubation and on adult laying quail ovaries. Immunohisto-chemical Envision technique was used. The immunoreactivity (ir) was observed from 6th day of embryonic de-velopment. Neurotrophins and their receptors were differently distributed in cortical and medullary areas. The localization of NGF, NT3 and Trk receptors-ir was differently observed in cytoplasm of oocytes, follicular cells and stromal cells, both in adult and embryonic quail ovaries from the 9th day of incubation, while BDNF ir was observed only in adult. The results obtained confirm the involvement of neurotrophins during the development of gonads in quails, as well as in mammals. Furthermore, the occurrence of neurotrophins and the receptors could provide new insights on their possible paracrine and/or autocrine mode of action in quail ovary during development and folliculogenesis
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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