1,721,097 research outputs found
Reconciling economics and psychology on intrinsic motivation
Full text linkThe paper analyzes how the debate on intrinsic motivation was imported from psychology into economics. The most important differences between the two disciplines are in the definition of intrinsic motivation and in the timing of the undermining effect of rewards. The economic framework of inter-temporal choices is proposed to reconcile the different empirical and theoretical results arising in the literature, and it is shown how rewards induce substitution and income effects depending on whether they are transitory or permanent. Furthermore, a distinction between input and output oriented intrinsic motivation is introduced
Economics of co-authorship
No full textStarting with the literature on the rising incidence of co-authorship in economics, this
paper presents a theoretical model to analyze choices of co-authorship based on the
assumption that authors are motivated to optimize the returns to publications. The model
analyzes two pay structures, one that is proportional to the number of authors, and one
that is not. The heterogeneity of the researchers implies for the policy-maker a trade-off
between the objective of maximizing effort and that of selecting better researchers. The
trade-off is more relevant when low-quality researchers choose opportunistic behavior in
order to collaborate with high-quality researchers
An agent-based exploration of macroeconomic of happiness: new insights on inequality and the role of reference groups
No full textThis study presents an agent-based model where individuals employ simple heuristics
to assess their satisfaction for specific life satisfaction domains and for life satisfaction
as a whole, considering reference groups of different dimensions. The objective
is to reconcile the evidence on the negative correlation between the income
measures and self-reported happiness at the country level with the individuals’ attitude
toward happiness. Results from simulations show that the relationship between
life satisfaction and income has opposite signs when individuals perform their comparisons
basing judgments on the mean or on the median income of their reference
groups, and that the extension of the reference groups matters. A role for inequality
emerges in determining the relationship between aggregate measures of income and
life satisfaction. Results from simulations are validated through data from Eurobarometer
for 24 European countries in the period 2008–2020, suggesting that people
employ positional evaluations of satisfaction for the income domain by using the
median income of the reference group as reference parameter
Rewarding my Self. Self Esteem, Self Determination and Motivations
Full text linkThe paper presents a model where the self esteem and the self determination mechanisms are explicitly modelled in order to explain how they affect the intrinsic motivation and its impact on individual choices. The aim is to reconcile different explanations (and consequences) of the motivation crowding theory in a unique theoretical framework where the locus of control is introduced in a one period maximisation problem and the intrinsic motivation is assumed as an exogenous psychological attitude. The analysis is based on the different effect of the self esteem mechanism on intrinsic motivation input oriented or output oriented. Results show that crowding out of intrinsic motivation depends on the self determination sensitivity and the individual belief about one’s own self
Social Preferences in Wage Bargaining: a Neocorporatist Approach
No full textThe starting point in this paper is based on the strand of the
literature on corporatist systems stressing the role of co-operation
and consensus in wage bargaining in order to reach better
economic performances. In order to model a co-operative regime
in the classical framework in which the monopoly union controls
wages and the firm controls employment, we introduce social
preferences with some degree of other-regarding concern(ORC)
such that each agent's objective function is a linear combination of
her own welfare and the other's. The results show that under
specific conditions concerning the degree of ORC, one may obtain
an employment level higher than in the selfish case and wage
moderation
Formazione, domanda di lavoro e innovazione in Italia
No full textIn Italia rimangono pochi i settori associati ad occupazioni con elevato contenuto di istruzione, mentre si conferma il maggiore dinamismo dei settori a basso contenuto di istruzione. Da questo punto di vista tra il 2000 e il 2004 si è ridotta la differenza tra Nord e Sud, a causa del calo di alcuni settori industriali tipicamente concentrati sul segmento di istruzione professionale e della contemporanea diffusione della formazione professionale all’intero universo dei settori.
Dall’articolo emerge che l’innalzamento del livello percentuale di istruzione e titoli nella domanda di lavoro in Italia è causato non tanto dall’investimento in formazione, quanto dall’abbassamento della domanda in genere, che negli anni
scorsi ha interessato soprattutto i lavori a bassa qualifica. Ora, poiché la capacità di innovare o di adottare innovazioni tecnologiche efficaci sono elementi legati alla disponibilità di skills e di livelli di istruzione adeguati, è probabile che nelle imprese non sia in atto, o sia alquanto limitato, un processo innovativo
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