1,721,565 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Changes in muscle activity in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy while walking with and without ankle-foot orthoses
No full textWe compared the electromyographic (EMG) signals of lower extremity muscle groups in 10 children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (CP) while walking barefoot and in a hinged ankle-foot orthosis (HAFO). All children had excessive plantarflexion and initial toe-contact on the affected side when walking barefoot, a typical gait pattern for hemiplegic patients. The patients walked with a physiological heel-toe gait pattern when wearing the HAFO. The peak activity of the tibialis anterior muscle was reduced by 36.1% at initial contact and loading response phase and by 57.3% just after toe-off when using a HAFO. The decrease in activity was thought to result from the change in gait pattern from a toe-gait to a heel-toe gait as well as the use of a HAFO. The HAFO also slightly decreased muscle activity in the proximal leg muscles mainly during swing phase, improved stride length, decreased cadence, improved walking speed, increased peak hip flexion, improved kinematics in loading response phase at the knee, and reduced the excessive ankle plantarflexion
The effects of the rectus femoris muscle on knee and foot kinematics during the swing phase of normalwalking
No full textThe role of rectus femoris (RF) muscle during walking was analyzed through musculoskeletal models to understand the effects of muscle weakness and hyperactivity. Such understanding is fundamental when dealing with pathological gait, but the contribution of RF as a bi-articular muscle is particularly difficult to estimate. Anybody software was used for inverse dynamics computation, and SimWise-4D for forward dynamics simulations. RF force was changed in the range of 0 to 150%, and the resulting kinematics were analyzed. Inverse dynamics showed a short positive RF power in correspondence with the onset of knee extension in the swing phase. Forward dynamics simulations showed an increasing knee flexion and initial toe contact when the RF force was decreased, and increasing knee extension and difficult foot clearance when the RF force was increased. The step became shorter with both increased and reduced RF force. In conclusion, the RF actively contributes to the knee extension in the swing phase. RF also contributes to obtaining a proper step length and to preparing the foot for initial heel contact. So the effect of RF muscle as a bi-articular muscle seems fundamental in controlling the motion of distal segments. RF overactivity should be considered as a possible cause for poor foot clearance in some clinical cases, while RF weakness should be considered in cases with apparent equinus
Surgical correction of talus foot in patients with cerebral palsy
Full text linkSurgical correction of talus foot in patients with cerebral pals
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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